Multiport vector network analyzer calibration: a general formulation

Abstract

An overall calibration theory for Multiport Network Analyzers (MNWA) is presented. A general algorithm is developed to exploit the redundancy inherent in MNWA selfcalibration. Linear dependency conditions given by using oneport or two-port standards to calibrate a MNWA are analyzed, by deriving novel criteria for multiport self-calibration. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that an n-port test set can be calibrated by using only one two-port standard and one load. The excellent accuracy reached by means of this new theory opens new alternatives to a metrological qualification of MNWA for n-port device testing.

Software solutions for linear and non-linear microwave measurements and calibrations

“…The application layer should be able to formulate the problem depending on the user-selected error model (specified for example in the configuration file), and to give a consistent sequence of calibration standards to be measured. Some techniques have already been found [6], [7], [9], [10].…”

Multiport calibration for microwave tomography systems

“…As the number of unknown error term is reduced, it is now possible to solve the linear equation system without any restrictions to the error transmission matrix. The combination of calibration standards has to be chosen in a way, to provide enough linear independent equations to calculate the complete error network [6]. Due to the mechanical restrictions of the tomographic system, it is necessary to find suitable calibration standards.…”

Network Analyzer Calibrations - Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

“…Impedance normalization method was used to correct for imperfect inactive port terminations. In the 1990's development of multiport calibration methods and measurement systems started to emerge [46,47,48]. These activities intensified up to the present [49,50].…”