Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space

Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Abrams, Michael J.; Bishop, Michael P.; Bush, Andrew B. G.; Hamilton, G. S.; Jiskoot, Hester; Kääb, Andreas; Kieffer, H. H.; Lee, Ella M.; Paul, Frank; Rau, Frank; Raup, B. H.; Shroder, John F.; Soltesz, D.; Stainforth, David A.; Stearns, L. A.; Wessels, R.

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.004

Cited by 251 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…For this reason, glaciers are digitalized from an ASTER image. (Kargel et al, 2005). The 15 m ground resolution of the Visible and Near Infra Red (VNIR) channels is adapted for glacier mapping (Kargel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Spot5 Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remote sensing studies in this region mainly aim at establishing digital glacier inventories (Kargel et al, 2005) to track the changes in glacier surface when compared to older map-based inventories (Kaul et al, 1999). Also, the recent and rapid growth of some supra-glacial and moraine-dammed lakes in the central and eastern Himalaya has been detected from multispectral (in particular ASTER) images (Wessels et al, 2002;Kargel et al, 2005). The historical variations of these glacier lakes and glacier termini in Bhutan have been examined using satellite, photographs and maps (Ageta et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study area ( Figure 1 and Figure 2) deserves a special attention. The occurrence of global warming in the Western Himalaya is still under debate (Yadav et al, 2004;Roy and Balling, 2005) and glacier retreat seems to be limited (Kargel et al, 2005). Furthermore, the mass balance of one benchmark glacier, Chhota Shigri (Kumar and Dobhal, 1997), has been measured on the field since 2002 (Wagnon et al, in preparation) and can be used for comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya, India)

Berthier¹,

Arnaud

Kumar

et al. 2007

Remote Sensing of Environment

500

350

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Although they correspond to an important fraction of the total area of mountain glaciers (33000 km 2 out of 546000 km 2 ), Himalayan glaciers and their mass balance are poorly sampled. For example, between 1977 and1999, the average area surveyed each year on the field was 6.8 km 2 only. No direct mass balance measurement is available after 1999. To contribute to fill this gap, we use remote sensing data to monitor glacier elevation changes and mass balances in the Spiti/Lahaul region (32.2°N, 77.6°E, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya, India). The 2004 DEM is derived from two SPOT5 satellite optical images without any ground control points. This is achieved thanks to the good on-board geolocation of SPOT5 scenes and using SRTM elevations as a reference on the ice-free zones. Before comparison on glaciers, the two DEMs are analyzed on the stable areas surrounding the glaciers where no elevation change is expected. Two different biases are detected. A long wavelength bias affects the SPOT5 DEM and is correlated to an anomaly in the roll of the SPOT5 satellite. A bias is also observed as a function of altitude and is attributed to the SRTM dataset. Both biases are modeled and removed to permit unbiased comparison of the two DEM on the 915 km 2 ice-covered area digitized from an ASTER image.On most glaciers, a clear thinning is measured at low elevations, even on debris-covered tongues. Between 1999 and 2004, we obtain an overall specific mass balance of -0.7 to -0.85 m/a (water equivalent) depending on the density we use for the lost (or gained) material in the accumulation zone. This rate of ice loss is twice higher than the long-term (1977 to 1999) mass balance record for Himalaya indicating an increase in the pace of glacier wastage. To assess whether these ice losses are size-dependant, all glaciers were classified into three samples according to their areal extent. All three samples show ice loss, the loss being higher for glaciers larger than 30 km 2 . In the case of the benchmark Chhota Shigri glacier, a good agreement is found between our satellite observations and the mass balances measured on the field during hydrological years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Future studies using a similar methodology could determine whether similar ice losses have occurred in other parts of the Himalaya and may allow evaluation of the contribution of this mountain range to ongoing sea level rise.

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Section: Spot5 Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya, India)

Berthier¹,

Arnaud

Kumar

et al. 2007

Remote Sensing of Environment

500

350

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“…Climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, especially at high latitudes (Trenberth et al, 2007), and glacial lakes evolve rapidly under such conditions; glacier equilibrium is disrupted and hazard zones shift beyond those of historical knowledge (Frey et al, 2010). The recent increase in the rate of retreat and downwasting of alpine glaciers worldwide has accelerated the formation and evolution of glacier-dammed lakes (Kääb et al, 2003;Kargel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of glacier-dammed lakes through space and time; Brady Glacier, Alaska, USA

Capps

Clague

2014

Geomorphology

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Glacier-dammed lakes and their associated jökulhlaups cause severe flooding in downstream areas and substantially influence glacier dynamics. The goal of this dissertation is to identify and characterize the evolution of glacier-dammed lakes in order to predict their future behaviour using ground-truthed remote sensing techniques and dendrochronology. Brady Glacier in southeast Alaska is particularly well suited for a study of these phenomena because it presently dams ten large (> 1 km 2 ) lakes and many smaller ones. This dissertation comprises three studies. First, I used interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to identify and characterize three previously unknown subglacial lakes. InSAR allowed me to quantify the vertical displacement and volume of water discharged from the three lakes through time. From the fall of 1995 to the spring of 1996, subsidence ranged from 4 to 26 cm/day and the volume of water discharged ranged from 22,000 ± 2000 to 243,000 ± 14,000 m 3 /day. Subsidence and discharge rates declined significantly during the winter and continued at a lesser rate through March. Second, I used dendrochronology and precise elevation-constrained mapping to date glacially overridden and drowned trees at the glacier margin. Brady Glacier impounded Spur Lake to an elevation of 83 m a.s.l. around AD 1830 and 121 m a.s.l. around 1839. The glacier continued to advance, thickening by at least 77 m between ca. 1844 and 1859 at a site down-glacier of Spur Lake on the opposite glacier margin. Farther down-glacier, North Trick Lake began to form by 1861 and reached its highest elevation at approximately 130 m a.s.l. when Brady Glacier reached its maximum extent around 1880. Third, I georeferenced a variety of maps, airphotos, and optical satellite imagery to characterize the evolution of the glacier and lakes and also created five bathymetric maps. The main terminus of Brady Glacier has changed little since 1880. However, it downwasted at rates of 2-3 m/yr between 1948 and 2000, more than the regional average. The most dramatic retreat (2 km) and downwasting (123 m) occurred adjacent to glacierdammed lakes. These lakes will continue to evolve and play a pivotal role in the evolution of Brady Glacier. If downwasting and retreat continue at rates comparable to the past, the glacier may return to a tidewater regimen and retreat catastrophically until it stabilizes in shallow water.

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“…At present, numerous remotely sensed glacier mapping methods are based on monotemporal satellite images, and classification or threshold segmentation-based methods 9 are the most common ways of glacier delineation. [10][11][12] Multitemporal and multispectral optical remote sensing images, such as Landsat TM, ASTER, provide an ideal data source for detecting glacier changes at appropriate spatial scales. [13][14][15] Normal difference snow index (NDSI) is a widely used indicator to enhance snow and ice while depressing other ground features, providing a simple but effective way of developing automated segmentation methods with multispectral images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping changes in the glaciers of the eastern Tienshan Mountains during 1977–2013 using multitemporal remote sensing

Bao

et al. 2014

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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Abstract. Because it has similar spectral characteristics as glaciers, snow around glaciers is a complicating factor in glacier inventory from satellite images. It is rare to acquire snowless and cloud-free satellite images in perennial snow mountain regions, and, moreover, glaciers are also usually shaded by mountain shadows. Therefore, a monotemporal satellite image can hardly map an intact glacier boundary. An object-oriented image segmentation method is proposed to map glaciers and their changes with multitemporal Landsat imagery. First, a "global-local" iteration segmentation method was used to delineate the snow and ice boundaries with each single phase image. Second, the mountain shadows of multitemporal Landsat images with different sun angles were mapped by methods of terrain analyses, and some parts of the glaciers inside these shadow regions can be identified. Finally, the complete glacier boundaries were restored with multitemporal images, and then these boundaries were intersected to get the minimum glacier extents. The method was tested with multitemporal Landsat images during 1977-2013 in the eastern Tienshan Mountains of Central Asia, and the spatial patterns and temporal process of these glacier changes in the last years were also analyzed. The results showed that the proposed method performs well in mapping glaciers in rugged alpine regions. Combining multiple images in different seasons provides a more effective way of removing disturbing factors during the process of glacier extraction. The total glacier area in the eastern Tienshan Mountains has decreased to 106.83 km 2 in 2013, with a loss of 21.5% since 1977, and the rate of glacier shrinkage accelerates in recent decades. The relationship between glacier recession and river runoffs was also analyzed, and the results showed that small glaciers whose areas are about 1.1 km 2 provide less runoff than those larger glaciers with about 2.5 km 2 . © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space

Cited by 251 publications

References 94 publications

Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya, India)

Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya, India)

Evolution of glacier-dammed lakes through space and time; Brady Glacier, Alaska, USA

Mapping changes in the glaciers of the eastern Tienshan Mountains during 1977–2013 using multitemporal remote sensing

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