Multivalent Noncovalent Interfacing and Cross‐Linking of Supramolecular Tubes

Abstract

Natural supramolecular filaments have the ability to cross‐link with each other and to interface with the cellular membrane via biomolecular noncovalent interactions. This behavior allows them to form complex networks within as well as outside the cell, i.e., the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, respectively. The potential of artificial supramolecular polymers to interact through specific noncovalent interactions has so far only seen limited exploration due to the dynamic nature of supramolecular interactions. Here, a system of synthetic supramolecular tubes that cross‐link forming supramolecular networks, and at the same time bind to biomimetic surfaces by the aid of noncovalent streptavidin–biotin linkages, is demonstrated. The architecture of the networks can be engineered by controlling the density of the biotin moiety at the exterior of the tubes as well as by the concentration of the streptavidin. The presented strategy provides a pathway for designing adjustable artificial supramolecular superstructures, which can potentially yield more complex biomimetic adaptive materials.

Interplay of Depletion Forces and Biomolecular Recognition in the Hierarchical Assembly of Supramolecular Tubes

“…The final elongated tubes will have a certain number of binding sites along the tube, which can interact with SAv to form strong noncovalent crosslinked networks. [ 31 ] We expected that different assembled architectures could be formed by changing the order of non‐covalent interactions implemented in the system, i.e., by changing the order of addition of the crowding agent and the SAv. Fluorescently labeled SAv was employed here to visualize its presence in the bundles and to indicate crosslinking using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (Figure 4B,C).…”

“…1 and 2 were synthesized according to procedures reported previously. [23,31] Preparation of the Samples: The solutions of 1 and multicomponent 1-2 samples were prepared from concentrated stock solutions of 1 (2 mm) and 2 (200 µm) in acetonitrile. Specific volumes of the concentrated stock solutions were mixed, and the solvent was evaporated in a nitrogen flow.…”

Distinct Binding Properties of Neutravidin and Streptavidin Proteins to Biotinylated Supported Lipid Bilayers: Implications for Sensor Functionalization

“…One emerging use of avidin–biotin technology is in the field of supported lipid bilayer (SLB) coatings [ 12 ], which are antifouling cell membrane mimics that are formed through the self-assembly of phospholipid molecules on solid surfaces and are widely used in biosensor development [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Generally, biotinylated lipids are incorporated in the SLB that acts as a platform upon which avidin or related protein analogues are specifically attached via biotin coupling, and such platforms can be used in various biosensing applications ranging from fundamental biophysical studies to molecular diagnostics and cancer cell detection [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] ( Figure 1 A).…”

“…Sensors 2022, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 15 solid surfaces and are widely used in biosensor development [13][14][15][16]. Generally, biotinylated lipids are incorporated in the SLB that acts as a platform upon which avidin or related protein analogues are specifically attached via biotin coupling, and such platforms can be used in various biosensing applications ranging from fundamental biophysical studies to molecular diagnostics and cancer cell detection [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] (Figure 1A). Avidin is an egg-white glycoprotein that has four binding sites for biotin along with a high isoelectric point (pI) around pH 10.5 (ref.…”

Classifying soft self-assembled materials via unsupervised machine learning of defects

“…11 Such dynamical features resulted in a set of intriguing properties that, on the one hand, mimic natural ones, crucial for the functioning of biological tissues (e.g., self-healing, chemotacticity, molecular transport, etc.) [12][13][14][15][16] and, on the other hand, are promising features for the design of new functional materials and nano-technologies 1,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] A major goal in the study of self-assembled architectures is understanding how changes in the structure of the selfassembling building blocks (input) affect the overall properties of the supramolecular assembled structure (output) (Fig. 1).…”