Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509

Kriss, G. A.; Arav, Nahum; Edmonds, Doug; Ely, Justin; Kaastra, J. S.; Bianchi, S.; Cappi, M.; Costantini, E.; Ebrero, J.; Mehdipour, M.; Paltani, S.; Petrucci, P.-O.; Ponti, G.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834816

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…On nuclear scales, highly ionised semi-relativistic gas winds are detected with velocity v ∼ 0.15−0.2c and outflow rates in the range 0.005−0.05 M yr −1 (Dadina et al 2005;Cappi et al 2009;Tombesi et al 2011Tombesi et al , 2012Detmers et al 2011). Simultaneous observations performed by the Chandra Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST-COS) showed that the wind detected through UV absorption lines is located within ∼200 pc of the active nucleus, and that X-ray warm absorbers and UV absorbers are related (Ebrero et al 2011;Kriss et al 2019). Given the widespread evidence of winds from nuclear to kiloparsec scales and in different gas phases (Phillips et al 1983;Kriss et al 2011;Tombesi et al 2011Tombesi et al , 2012Liu et al 2015), Mrk 509 is an optimal candidate to investigate the wind driving mechanisms, stellar feedback versus AGN feedback, and their impact on the host-galaxy ISM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The IBISCO survey

Zanchettin

Feruglio

Bischetti

et al. 2021

A&A

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We present the analysis of the ALMA CO(2−1) emission line and the underlying 1.2 mm continuum of Mrk 509 with spatial resolution of ∼270 pc. This local Seyfert 1.5 galaxy, optically classified as a spheroid, is known to host an ionised disc, a starburst ring, and ionised gas winds on both nuclear (ultra-fast outflows) and galactic scales. From CO(2−1) we estimate a molecular gas reservoir of MH2 = 1.7 × 109 M⊙, located within a disc of size ∼5.2 kpc, with Mdyn = (2.0 ± 1.1) × 1010 M⊙ inclined at 44 ± 10 deg. The molecular gas fraction within the disc is μgas = 5%, consistent with that of local star-forming galaxies with similar stellar mass. The gas kinematics in the nuclear region within r ∼ 700 pc, that is only marginally resolved at the current angular resolution, suggests the presence of a warped nuclear disc. Both the presence of a molecular disc with ongoing star formation in a starburst ring, and the signatures of a minor merger, are in agreement with the scenario where galaxy mergers produce gas destabilisation, feeding both star formation and AGN activity. The spatially resolved Toomre Q-parameter across the molecular disc is in the range Qgas = 0.5 − 10, and shows that the disc is marginally unstable across the starburst ring, and stable against fragmentation at nucleus and in a lopsided ring-like structure located inside of the starburst ring. We find complex molecular gas kinematics and significant kinematics perturbations at two locations, one within 300 pc of the nucleus and one 1.4 kpc away close to the region with high Qgas, that we interpret as molecular winds with velocity v98 = 200 − 250 km s−1. The total molecular outflow rate is in the range 6.4−17.0 M⊙ yr−1 for the optically thin and thick cases, respectively. The molecular wind total kinetic energy is consistent with a multiphase momentum-conserving wind driven by the AGN with Ṗof/Ṗrad in the range 0.06−0.5. The spatial overlap of the inner molecular wind with the ionised wind, and their similar velocity suggest a cooling sequence within a multiphase wind driven by the AGN. The second outer molecular wind component overlaps with the starburst ring, and its energy is consistent with a supernova-driven wind arising from the starburst ring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The IBISCO survey

Zanchettin

Feruglio

Bischetti

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…In NGC 7469, the two X-ray emission line region components, with log ξ = 1 and −1, have outflow velocities of v out −470 km s −1 (Behar et al 2017). Similarly, in Mrk 509, the ion lines in the UV emission line region have a range of blueshifted and redshifted velocities from −300 to +600 km s −1 (Kriss et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469

Grafton-Waters

Branduardi‐Raymont

Mehdipour

et al. 2020

A&A

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Aims. We aim to investigate and characterise the photoionised X-ray emission line regions within the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469. Methods. We applied the photoionisation model, PION, within the spectral fitting code SPEX to analyse the 640 ks reflection grating spectrometer spectrum of NGC 7469 gathered during an XMM-Newton observing campaign in 2015. Results. We find the emission line region in NGC 7469 to be multiphased, consisting of two narrow components with ionisation parameters of log ξ = 0.4 and 1.6. A third, broad emission component, with a broadening velocity of vb ∼ 1400 km s−1 and an outflow velocity of vout ∼ −4500 km s−1 is required to fit the residuals in the O VII triplet at around 22 Å. Assuming a volume filling factor of 0.1, the lower distance limits of the narrow emission line region components are estimated for the first time at 2.6 and 2.5 pc from the central black hole, whereas the broad component has an estimated lower bound distance between 0.004 and 0.03 pc, depending on the assumed plasma parameters. The collisionally ionised plasma from the star burst region in NGC 7469 has a plasma temperature of 0.32 keV and an outflow velocity of −280 km s−1, which is consistent with previous results in this campaign. In addition, we model the photoionised plasma of the warm absorber (WA) in NGC 7469 and find that it consists of three photoionised phases with different values of ξ, NH and vout. The upper bound distances of these WA components are 1.9, 0.3, and 0.6 pc, respectively, consistent with archival results. Conclusion. The environment of NGC 7469 is a complex mix of plasma winds absorbing and emitting X-rays. We find the picture painted by our results can be attributed to line emitting plasma located at distances ranging from near the black hole to the torus and beyond the ionised outflows.

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“…; e.g. Crenshaw et al 2003;Green et al 2012;Hamann et al 2018;Kriss et al 2018Kriss et al , 2019Mehdipour et al 2022;Vietri et al 2022). It has been shown that at least some of the UV-absorbing outflows in sub-Eddington systems can be driven by radiation pressure on spectral lines (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS

Matzeu

Brusa

Lanzuisi³

et al. 2023

A&A

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We present a new X-ray spectroscopic study of 22 luminous (2 × 1045 ≲ Lbol/erg s−1 ≲ 2 × 1046) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at intermediate redshifts (0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.4), as part of the SUpermassive Black hole Winds in the x-rAYS (SUBWAYS) sample, mostly composed of quasars and type 1 AGNs. Here, 17 targets were observed with XMM-Newton in 2019–2020, and the remaining 5 are from previous observations. The aim of this large campaign (1.45 Ms duration) is to characterise the various manifestations of winds in the X-rays driven from supermassive black holes in AGNs. In this paper we focus on the search for and characterisation of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), which are typically detected through blueshifted absorption troughs in the Fe K band (E > 7 keV). By following Monte Carlo procedures, we confirm the detection of absorption lines corresponding to highly ionised iron (e.g. Fe XXV Hα and Fe XXVI Lyα) in 7 out of 22 sources at the ≳95% confidence level (for each individual line). The global combined probability of such absorption features in the sample is > 99.9%. The SUBWAYS campaign, based on XMM-Newton, extends to higher luminosities and redshifts than previous local studies on Seyferts. We find a UFO detection fraction of ∼30% of the total sample, which is in agreement with previous findings. This work independently provides further support for the existence of highly ionised matter propagating at mildly relativistic speeds (≳0.1c) in a considerable fraction of AGNs over a broad range of luminosities, which is believed to play a key role in the self-regulated AGN feeding-feedback cycle, as also supported by hydrodynamical multi-phase simulations.

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Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

The IBISCO survey

The IBISCO survey

Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469

Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS

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