Muscarinic synapses in the hypothalamus

Stein, Larry; Seifter, Joseph

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.4.751

Cited by 105 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In earlier but comparable experiments several authors have administered about equal doses of atropine and of carbachol in different parts of the limbic system ([9]: 1-5 ~tg, [10]: 0.5-5 ~tg, [19]: 10-20 I~g, [14]: 1-3 ~tg). The results of Experiment 3 however indicate that after injection of 1.3 ~g of carbachol in the tractus diagonalis atropine already at a dosage of about 0.15 ~g (-----0.45 nmol) almost completely inhibits the water intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central blockade of (methyl-)atropine on carbachol drinking: A dose-response study

Terpstra

Slangen

1972

Physiology & Behavior

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TERPSTRA, G. K. AND J. L. SLANGEN. Central blockade of(methyl-) atropine on carbachol drinking: a dose-response study. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 8 (4) 715--719, 1972. Administration of carbachol in the tractus diagonalis in rats elicited drinking and no eating. Norepinephrine administered in the same place did not induce drinking or eating. The specific drinking response induced by stimulation with 7.2 nmol (= 1.3 ~tg) of carbachol was gradually inhibited by preceding injections of graded doses of atropine and methylatropine at the same site. A 90 % inhibiting action of atropine and methylatropine was possible with a 3-10 times lower dose (0.18 ~tg) than used in earlier studies. Significant differences between the inhibition by atropine and methylatropine could not be demonstrated. A possible difference in inhibition at the lowest dose of atropine and methylatropine used (= 0.04 p~g) was discussed. Water intakeCarbachol stimulation Dose-response relationship Tractus diagonalisAtropine Methylatropine LOCAL stimulation of different parts of the limbic system of the rat with cholinergic substances, like carbachol and acetylcholine, elicits water drinking in water satiated rats [4,7,8].A dose response curve for the water intake elicited by injection of carbachol in the feeding-drinking area of the hypothalamus has been established. A maximal intake of water occurred after administration of 2.4 × 10-°M of carbachol (= 0.4 ~g)[16]. Levitt et aL [15] found for a number of different structures a maximal effect with a dose of 1 ~g of carbachol. Detailed observations have been made concerning the role of the preoptic and septal area in the elicitation of drinking behavior after local administration of carbachol [3,5,14].Carbachol-elicited drinking was inhibited by atropine when administered systemically [9,18]. On the other hand atropine not only blocked the effect of carbachol when administered in the same brain region as carbachol [9,14,19], but also when administered in another brain region in the limbic system [14].On the assumption that drinking elicited by carbachol is the result of activation of a cholinergic system, atropine, administered peripherally as well as centrally, has been used by several authors in order to block the effects of carbachol administered in the septal area. These results have been obtained by using about equal dosages of carbachol and atropine (tzg). It is not known however whether these doses of atropine axe likely to block only the stimulated parts of the cholinergic drinking system or other cholinergic systems affecting behavior as well. To answer that question information about the dose response relationship of carbachol elicited drinking and atropine is needed. To investigate this relationship in all areas of the limbic system that are supposed to play a role in the regulation of water intake is simply prohibiting. In our experiments we therefore concentrated on the anterior part of the preoptic area which is believed to be a part of the limbic drinking circuit [5].The purpose of the following ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand atropine not only blocked the effect of carbachol when administered in the same brain region as carbachol [9,14,19], but also when administered in another brain region in the limbic system [14].…”

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confidence: 97%

Central blockade of (methyl-)atropine on carbachol drinking: A dose-response study

Terpstra

Slangen

1972

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Similarly, Stein & Seifter (1962) showed that injection of muscarine into the lateral hypothalamus of rats elicited drinking, also blocked by atropine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Studies on the possible role of brain histamine in behaviour

Gerald¹,

Maickel

1972

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. The possible role of brain histamine in behavioural performance was studied in rats using thirst-induced water consumption, continuous (Sidman) avoidance, and reinforcement withdrawal test systems. 2. Parenteral administration of a variety of antihistamines to rats decreased thirst-induced water consumption; this effect could be antagonized by administration of histamine directly into the brain by a ventricular cannula. 3. When intraventricular doses of histamine were administered to rats at weekly intervals, an adaptation was seen in the effects of the amine on continuous avoidance behaviour. With succeeding doses, the initial period of depression of avoidance responding was shortened and the subsequent rebound stimulation disappeared. 4. The results support the hypothesis that histamine in the brain is involved in several behavioural phenomena.

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“…Body temperature Carbachol lntracerebral implantation IN THE water satiated rat intracerebrally implanted carbachol elicits vigorous drinking [4,5,8,12]. Grossman's demonstration that cholinergic stimulation of the perifornical region in the rat led to a marked increase in water ingestion, was further investigated by Fisher and Coury [2] who found that cholinergic stimulation within the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the midbrain also induced drinking.…”

Section: Water Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in body temperature and water intake following intracerebral implantation of carbachol in rats

Hulst¹,

Wied²

1967

Physiology & Behavior

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HoLsr, S. G. T. AND D. DE WIED.Changes in body temperature and water intake following intracerebral implantation of carbachol in rats. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 2 (4) [367][368][369][370][371] 1967.--Intracerebral carbachol produced a fall in core temperature in the rat when implanted in the area preoptica, the nucleus lateralis septi and the area between the thalamic nuclei and the nucleus ruber. Cholinergic stimulation of the anterohypothalamic region did not affect body temperature, while stimulation of the nucleus ventralis thalami induced hyperthermia. Water consumption increased upon intracerebral application of carbachol to the area preoptica, the nucleus lateralis septi, the anterohypothalamic region and the area between the thalamic nuclei and the nucleus ruber. No effect was found following implantation of carbachol in the nucleus ventralis thalami. The results suggest that drinking and hypothermia follow roughly parallel pathways in the limbic system and the diencephalon, although the fiber systems for these two phenomena need not be necessarily the same. Water intakeBody temperature Carbachol lntracerebral implantation IN THE water satiated rat intracerebrally implanted carbachol elicits vigorous drinking [4,5,8,12]. Grossman's demonstration that cholinergic stimulation of the perifornical region in the rat led to a marked increase in water ingestion, was further investigated by Fisher and Coury [2] who found that cholinergic stimulation within the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the midbrain also induced drinking. These authors postulated that the Papez circuit is intimately involved in the mediation of drinking. Recently, hypothermia in the rat has been found following cholinergic stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus [10] and of the preoptic region [8], but other structures in the central nervous system have not been implicated in this respect. The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of carbachol on core temperature and on water ingestion after its administration into various subcortical structures. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing 180-210 g were used.To guide implantation of carbachol into various brain structures a stainless steel plate with 12 holes was used (Fig. 1). Tubes with a dia. of 0.80 mm of the same material of the plate protruding 2.50 mm from the lower side of the plate were attached to the holes in the plate. In order to fixate the plates to the skulls, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus under ether anesthesia. After cutting the skin and cleaning the bone, holes--corresponding to the holes of the plate--were drilled in the skull starting just rostral of the sutura coronaria. After cleaning and drying the surface of the skull and following application of sulfonamide (Orgasepton) to avoid infection, the tubes of the plate were carefully inserted into the holes until the plate touched the skull. The plate was subsequently fixed to the skull with dental cement. Through the tubes, needles containing crystalline carbach...

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Muscarinic synapses in the hypothalamus

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Central blockade of (methyl-)atropine on carbachol drinking: A dose-response study

Central blockade of (methyl-)atropine on carbachol drinking: A dose-response study

Studies on the possible role of brain histamine in behaviour

Changes in body temperature and water intake following intracerebral implantation of carbachol in rats

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