Muscle Adaptations to 7 Days of Exercise in Young and Older Humans: Eccentric Overload versus Standard Resistive Training

Hortobágyi, Tibor; Money, J.; Zheng, Donghai; Dudek, Ronald W.; Fraser, David; Dohm, Lynis

doi:10.1123/japa.10.3.290

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Further, there was no differential effect of RENEW or TRAD on the number of days high fall risk older adults survived without a fall or a near-fall event. These results were not expected since earlier findings with mobility-limited [ 16 , 18 , 19 ], frail [ 15 ] and generally healthy [ 39 , 40 ] older adults engaging in eccentric resistance exercise of the lower extremities for 10–12 weeks have previously demonstrated improved mobility and muscle responses that exceeded those stemming from more traditional-types of resistance exercise regimens. Two defining properties of eccentric muscle contractions, i.e., the force production potential being uniquely high yet the energy cost to produce this force being uniquely low [ 41 – 43 ], are thought to underlie these previous RENEW effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community: a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAddressing muscle deficits within a multi-component exercise fall reduction program is a priority, especially for the highest risk older adults, i.e., those who have fallen previously. Eccentric resistance exercise with its high-force producing potential, at a low energetic cost, may be ideally-suited to address muscle impairments in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance exercise via negative, eccentrically-induced, work (RENEW) versus traditional (TRAD) resistance exercise on mobility, balance confidence, muscle power and cross sectional area, as well as the number of days high fall risk older adults survived without a fall event over a 1 year period.MethodsRandomized, two group, four time point (over 1 year) clinical trial testing RENEW versus TRAD as part of a 3 month multi-component exercise fall reduction program (MCEFRP). Primary outcomes of mobility, balance confidence, muscle power output and cross sectional area were analyzed using mixed effects modeling. The secondary outcomes of days to fall and days to near-fall were analyzed using survival analysis.ResultsThe MCEFRP did have an effect on fall risk factors considered reversible with exercise interventions though there was no differential effect of RENEW versus TRAD (p = 0.896) on mobility, balance confidence, muscle power and cross sectional area. There were also no group differences in the number of days survived without a fall (p = 0.565) or near-fall (p = 0.678). Despite 100% of participants having at least one fall in the year prior to the MCEFRP, however, after 3 months of exercise and 9 months of follow-up <50% had experienced a fall or near fall.ConclusionsThere were no differential effects of RENEW or TRAD as components of a MCEFRP on the primary or secondary outcomes. The two modes of resistance exercise had identical effects on fall risk and fall-free survival.Trial registration NCT01080196; March 2, 2010 (retrospectively registered).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community: a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program

et al. 2017

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“…27,28,39,40 Todavia, a pesquisa de Hortobágyi et al 41 utilizou o teste de 3-RM com a referida população, alegando que os idosos o toleram melhor devido à menor carga suportada, contrapondo o método utilizado por este estudo.…”

Section: 31unclassified

“…Portanto, os ganhos de força apresentados nesta pesquisa corroboram outros estudos. 27,33,41,[45][46][47] …”

Section: 31unclassified

Efeitos do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de IGF1 e de força muscular nas fases neurogência e miogênica de idosas

Silva

Dopico-Calvo

Iglesias-Soler

et al. 2009

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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This study aimed to assess the effects of strength training on the levels of IGF1 and of muscle strength in neurogenic and miogenic phases of sedentary older. The sample consisted of 24 elderly, voluntary, randomly divided in two groups: the experimental group (EG, n = 13; 65.62 ± 5.36 years) in the control group (CG, n = 11; 71.45 ± 5.72 years). We used the protocol of maximum repetition (Baechle & Groves, 1992) to evaluate muscle strength and maximum quimiluminescence -IMMULITE -DPC MED LAB for the IGF1. We used the Kruskal-Wallis (EG, three times) followed by multiple comparisons of Dunn; the Wilcoxon test (CG, in relation to two times) and the Mann-Whitney test (comparison inter-group). Results showed significant increase (p<0.05) in IGF1 (CGpost x EGweek20 - = 54.29 ng / ml, p = 0009) and in all variables muscle strength (EGweek4 x EGweek20,  = 39.23% and EGpre-test x EGweek20, % = 56.08%, p<0.05). We concluded that training of muscular strength results in significant increase in this variable and serum levels of IGF1, only at the miogenic phase.

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“…Many research studies with a varied number of participants of diverse backgrounds (healthy older individuals and older individuals with health problems or other limitations) have demonstrated the successful and safe performance eccentric training with continuously increasing intensity and volume over time [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 52 , 58 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. For instance, in the Ploutz and Snyder’s [ 70 ] study, healthy older women performed eccentric training for a duration of 12 weeks with no reported injuries emerging from the experimental stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the Ploutz and Snyder’s [ 70 ] study, healthy older women performed eccentric training for a duration of 12 weeks with no reported injuries emerging from the experimental stimuli. Hortobágyi et al [ 71 ] performed a 7 day eccentric overload study including older women, and they reported no injury or dropout as a result of the study protocol. Reeves et al [ 58 ] examined a 14 week adaptation to eccentric training in old men and women and did not report injury emerging from the study protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Eccentric Training with Emphasis on Demands of Daily Living Activities and Feasibility in Older Adults: A Literature Review

Cvečka

Vajda

Novotná

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Aging is associated with a decline in physical capabilities and several other health-related conditions. One of the most common age-related processes is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is usually accompanied with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and physical functioning. A decrease in these markers usually impacts basic daily living activities (DLAs), which become somewhat harder to accomplish for older individuals. Several research studies have examined the demands of DLA in older individuals with results indicating that activities such as walking, sitting, standing, stair climbing, stair descending, and running generate high demands on older adults. The forces that act on individuals are in most cases equal or multiple times higher relative to their body mass. For instance, it was reported that the GRF (ground reaction force) during stair descent ranged from 1.43 to 1.50 of BW (body weight) in an older population. Even higher demands were recorded during other related activities. These demands of DLA raise the question of appropriate rehabilitative or training management procedures. During the past decades, an eccentric form of resistance training gained popularity due to its effectiveness and lower metabolic demands, which seems to be an appropriate method to develop and maintain a basic level of strength capabilities in higher age. Multiple factors of eccentric training have been examined including modality of exercise, intensity, frequency, and safety of the elderly. Several modalities of eccentric exercise have been shown to be effective including traditional methods, as well as machine-based ones, with or without using some equipment. The studies included in this review varied in intensity from low to high; however, the most frequently used intensity was ≥50% of the maximal eccentric strength during two or three eccentric sessions per week. Importantly, the prevalence of injury of older adults appears to have been low to none, highlighting the safety of this approach. In summary, eccentric training prescriptions for older adults should consider the demands of DLA and the characteristics of the elderly for appropriate management of training recommendations.

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Muscle Adaptations to 7 Days of Exercise in Young and Older Humans: Eccentric Overload versus Standard Resistive Training

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community: a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program

Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community: a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program

Efeitos do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de IGF1 e de força muscular nas fases neurogência e miogênica de idosas

Benefits of Eccentric Training with Emphasis on Demands of Daily Living Activities and Feasibility in Older Adults: A Literature Review

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