Mushroom toxins: a forensic toxicological review

Gonmori, Kunio; Fujita, Hiroki; Yokoyama, Kazumasa; Watanabe, Kota; Сузукі, Осаму

doi:10.1007/s11419-011-0115-4

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An example is Pleurocybella porrigens which was involved in 59 cases in 2004, 19 of which were fatal. 16 In the case of some fungal toxins, the symptoms they cause may mimic other conditions, such as cerebrovascular accident (stroke). 17 With regard to poisonous fungi, the importance of precise identifications by specialists is clear, and this has been highlighted in several studies.…”

Section: Psychotropic and Toxic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic mycology: current perspectives

Hawksworth¹,

Wiltshire²

2015

RRFMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycology can contribute to a variety of forensic investigations, including the determination of postmortem intervals from mold growth on corpses, psychoactive substances and toxins, hazards from mold growth in buildings, and providing trace evidence linking people and objects with places. Studies are also starting to be undertaken to explore the use of molecular data on fungi in the characterization of soils. In addition, where there are health concerns, possibly associated with mold growth in buildings, guidance is presented with respect to the collection of samples, and some caveats are given which must be considered in interpretation of data. Attention is drawn to pertinent publications which either appeared, or came to the attention of the authors, since the review they prepared in 2010. This is supplemented by examples from their own recent casework. In order to avoid valuable information being overlooked, there is a need for investigating officers, and those involved in forensic medicine, especially pathologists and toxicologists, to be aware of the evidential value of fungi. In particular, they should not overlook opportunities to recover spores from human remains, to examine any mold colonies growing on corpses, and to analyze gut contents for fungal material and spores.

show abstract

Section: Psychotropic and Toxic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic mycology: current perspectives

Hawksworth¹,

Wiltshire²

2015

RRFMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Intoxication by wild mushrooms can occur when edible species are misidentified or toxic species are ingested accidentally by children or used intentionally in the case of suicide attempts or homicides [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Some mushroom poisoning syndromes are potentially life-threatening [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of α- and β-amanitin in Human Plasma at Subnanogram per Milliliter Levels by Reversed Phase Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Bambauer

Wagmann

Weber

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amatoxins are known to be one of the main causes of serious to fatal mushroom intoxication. Thorough treatment, analytical confirmation, or exclusion of amatoxin intake is crucial in the case of any suspected mushroom poisoning. Urine is often the preferred matrix due to its higher concentrations compared to other body fluids. If urine is not available, analysis of human blood plasma is a valuable alternative for assessing the severity of intoxications. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography (LC)-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) method for confirmation and quantitation of α- and β-amanitin in human plasma at subnanogram per milliliter levels. Plasma samples of humans after suspected intake of amatoxin-containing mushrooms should be analyzed and amounts of toxins compared with already published data as well as with matched urine samples. Sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation, aqueous liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction. Full chromatographical separation of analytes was achieved using reversed-phase chromatography. Orbitrap-based MS allowed for sufficiently sensitive identification and quantification. Validation was successfully carried out, including analytical selectivity, carry-over, matrix effects, accuracy, precision, and dilution integrity. Limits of identification were 20 pg/mL and calibration ranged from 20 pg/mL to 2000 pg/mL. The method was applied to analyze nine human plasma samples that were submitted along with urine samples tested positive for amatoxins. α-Amanitin could be identified in each plasma sample at a range from 37–2890 pg/mL, and β-amanitin was found in seven plasma samples ranging from <20–7520 pg/mL. A LC-HRMS/MS method for the quantitation of amatoxins in human blood plasma at subnanogram per milliliter levels was developed, validated, and used for the analysis of plasma samples. The method provides a valuable alternative to urine analysis, allowing thorough patient treatment but also further study the toxicokinetics of amatoxins.

show abstract

“…Trichoderma cornu-damae (Hypocreaceae, formerly known as Podostroma cornu-damae or Hypocrea cornu-damae, Fig. 1), also called "poison fire coral" or "kaen-take" (in Japanese), is a deadly toxic mushroom native to East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania [1][2][3]. Poisoning cases involving T. cornu-damae have been reported [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] including fatal cases [4][5][6][7][8]11], and the main toxins in T. cornu-damae have been identified as trichothecene macrolides, specifically satratoxin H and its 12′-acetate, 13′-acetate and 12′,13′-diacetate ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological analysis of satratoxins, the main toxins in the mushroom Trichoderma cornu-damae, in human serum and mushroom samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Many poisoning cases involving the deadly toxic mushroom Trichoderma cornu-damae have been reported, but there are very few reports on toxicological analysis of the poisoning. In this study, a simple and sensitive method was developed for detecting and quantifying satratoxins, which are the main toxins found in T. cornu-damae, in human serum and mushroom samples. Methods The four main toxins, namely, satratoxin H and its 12′-acetate, 13′-acetate and 12′,13′-diacetate, were isolated from T. cornu-damae and used as analytical standards. These standards were spiked into human serum and effective methods were developed for extraction and detection/quantification using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Quantification of satratoxins in T. cornu-damae samples was performed by the standard addition method. Results Although satratoxins, which have neutral terpene structures, showed very low sensitivities in conventional LC–MS/MS analysis, they could be detected with enough sensitivity by our developed method. In human serum, the limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for all four satratoxins. The recovery rate ranged from 70.5 to 86.6%, and the coefficients of determination for calibration curves were > 0.999. Satratoxins in T. cornu-damae samples were also well detected and quantified with coefficients of determination for calibration curves of > 0.997 and intraday/interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranging from 2.98 to 10.3%. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of toxicological analysis of satratoxins using analytical standards.

show abstract

Mushroom toxins: a forensic toxicological review

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Forensic mycology: current perspectives

Forensic mycology: current perspectives

Analysis of α- and β-amanitin in Human Plasma at Subnanogram per Milliliter Levels by Reversed Phase Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Toxicological analysis of satratoxins, the main toxins in the mushroom Trichoderma cornu-damae, in human serum and mushroom samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About