Mutagenic Activity of Incense Smoke in Comparison to Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Salmonella typhimurium TA102

Chang, Hsin-Wen; Kuo, Min-Liang; Lin, Jheng-Hua

doi:10.1007/s001289900347

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Schoental and Gibbard 52) first identified several PAH in incense smoke condensates. When incense is burned at low temperature, much smoke containing PAH is emitted 53,54) , and the emitted particles contain a variety of compounds including PAH and aldehydes 55,56) . In this study, the non-smoking taxi drivers with m1/ m1 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI or Ile/Ile genotype of CYP1A1 HincII had significantly lower levels of urinary 1-OHP than those with other genotypes of CYP1A1 MspI and CYP1A1 HincII, which was more obviously than smoking taxi drivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Chuang

Chang

2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by MetabolicEnzyme Polymorphisms: Chun-Yu CHUANG, et al. Department of Biomedical Engineering andEnvironmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common air pollutants generated from incomplete combustion. The inhalation of exhaust fumes in urban areas has been suggested to be an additional contributing factor. This study investigated the influence of urban traffic exposure, personal lifestyle factors and metabolic enzyme polymorphisms on the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level, approximating exposure to PAH. With consents, 95 male taxi drivers exposed to vehicle exhaust in traffic and 75 male office employees received health interviews and provided urine samples. The results showed taxi drivers had higher urinary 1-OHP than the office employees (mean ± standard deviation were 0.17 ± 0.10 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine, p<0.001). The average urinary 1-OHP level increased from 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine for non-smoking office employees to 0.17 µmol/mol creatinine for those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. The values for taxi drivers with similar smoking statuses were 0.12 and 0.25 µmol/mol creatinine, respectively. Among non-smokers, taxi drivers still had higher 1-OHP level than office employees (0.12 ± 0.05 vs. 0.07 ± 0.03 µmol/mol creatinine). The subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI or GSTM1 deficiency had significantly higher urinary 1-OHP levels than those with other CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that taxi drivers (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-13.6), smokers (OR=5.5, 95% CI=1.6-18.4) and subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/ m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI (OR=9.7, 95% CI=2.7-35.0) had elevated urinary 1-OHP (greater than the overall median value, 0.11 µmol/mol creatinine). The results of this study suggest smoking contributes to the elevated urinary 1-OHP levels in taxi drivers in addition to taxi driving, and the excess level contributed from traffic exhaust and smoke was regulated by the CYP1A1 MspI genotype. Traffic exhaust exposure, smoking and CYP1A1 MspI genotype contributed to the variation in levels of urinary 1-OHP excretion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Chuang

Chang

2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…The types of compounds present in the smoke released after burning incense suggest that they can cause a number of acute and chronic health effects. Although a number of studies has suggested that smoke released from burning can cause respiratory health effects [160,161], lung cancer [162][163][164] and dermatological allergic reactions, and could be mutagenic and or genotoxic [165][166][167], the evidence is inconsistent, with some studies finding inverse relationships for lung cancer [168,169] and COPD [66].…”

Section: Burning Of Incense Sticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and the lung in low- and medium-income countries

2012

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Over half the world's population, mostly from developing countries, use solid fuel for domestic purposes and are exposed to very high concentrations of harmful air pollutants with potential health effects such as respiratory problems, cardiovascular problems, infant mortality and ocular problems. The evidence also suggests that, although the total percentage of people using solid fuel is decreasing, the absolute number is currently increasing. Exposure to smoke from solid fuel burning increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in adults, and acute lower respiratory tract infection/pneumonia in children. Despite the heterogeneity among studies, the association between COPD and exposure to smoke produced by burning different types of solid fuel is consistent. However, there is strong evidence that while coal burning is a risk factor for lung cancer, exposure to other biomass fuel smoke is less so. There is some evidence that reduction of smoke exposure using improved cooking stoves reduces the risk of COPD and, possibly, acute lower respiratory infection in children, so approaches to reduce biomass smoke exposure are likely to result in reductions in the global burden of respiratory disease.

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“…Most existing studies have focused on the characterization of gaseous and particulate pollutants from incense burned indoors, in temples, or in a test chamber. The gaseous pollutants produced include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (Chang et al, 1997;Yang et al, 2007a, b). The particles are typically less than 1 μm in size (Yang et al, 2006) and the particulate surface areas absorb numerous organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Lin and Lee, 1998;Yang et al, 2012a, b, c) and aldehydes (Schoental and Gibbard, 1967;Lin and Tang, 1994;Lin and Wang, 1994;Lee and Wang, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Relative Humidity on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Smoldering Incense

Yang

Lin

Hung

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Incense was burned in a controlled environment, in order to understand the effect of relative humidity on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions from smoldering incense. The concentrations of individual PAHs were determined using the GC/MS analysis method. Incense was burned in a test chamber with a total airflow rate of 6.0 L/min, with relative humidity of 21.3 ± 1.0, 51.0 ± 0.2 and 90.5 ± 0.5%, at a constant temperature (28.9 ± 0.4°C). The results show that the rate at which the incense burns decreases linearly as the relative humidity increases, at the tested airflow rate. The sums of the total PAH and toxic equivalency emission factors for particulate and gas phases were 47467.39-50218.87 and 325.21-358.85 ng/g, for the incense used in this study, and these values also decrease as the relative humidity increases. The carcinogenic potency of PAHs emissions in the particulate phase is approximately 6 times higher than those of the gaseous phase, at the relative humidity tested.

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Mutagenic Activity of Incense Smoke in Comparison to Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Salmonella typhimurium TA102

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Indoor air pollution and the lung in low- and medium-income countries

Effect of Relative Humidity on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Smoldering Incense

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