Mutual interplay between phytopathogenic powdery mildew fungi and other microorganisms

Abstract

Summary Powdery mildew is a common and widespread plant disease of considerable agronomic relevance. It is caused by obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens which, in most cases, epiphytically colonize aboveground plant tissues. The disease has been typically studied as a binary interaction of the fungal pathogen with its plant hosts, neglecting, for the most part, the mutual interplay with the wealth of other microorganisms residing in the phyllo‐ and/or rhizosphere and roots. However, the establishment of powdery mildew disease can be impacted by the presence/absence of host‐associated microbiota (epi‐ and endophytes) and, conversely, plant colonization by powdery mildew fungi might disturb indigenous microbial community structures. In addition, other (foliar) phytopathogens could interact with powdery mildews, and mycoparasites may affect the outcome of plant–powdery mildew interactions. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the intricate and multifaceted interplay of powdery mildew fungi, host plants and other microorganisms, and outline current gaps in our knowledge, thereby setting the basis for potential future research directions.

Microbiological and Nutritional Analysis of Lettuce Crops Grown on the International Space Station

“…Each of the bacterial and fungal isolates identified in this study were confirmed with sequencing results, however, many additional genera were identified. Research studies indicate Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla dominate communities, though differences may occur between host plant species at lower taxonomic levels (Panstruga and Kuhn, 2019). Sequencing data from the three Veggie experiments followed these trends.…”

“…Culturable microbes include approximately 10% of the community microbial participants. Research on core rhizosphere and phyllosphere associated bacterial microbiota (symbiotic and pathogenic) have been described using culture-independent sequencing methods (Panstruga and Kuhn, 2019). Next generation sequencing provides an alternative method to identify non-culturable microorganisms.…”

Subcellular Roles of Glutathione in Mediating Plant Defense during Biotic Stress

“…The fungi feeds from nutrients that the plant provides. In some cases, the fungi also provides benefits to the plant [ 12 , 13 , 15 ]. The underlining mechanisms of such interactions are that the fungi masks its appearance and that the plant does not recognize its presence.…”

“…Some pathogens, such as necrotrophic fungi and bacteria, kill their hosts and prey on the nutrients of the plants [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Others, such as biotrophic fungi or bacteria live in a mutualistic relationship with the plant from which both partners benefit without killing each other [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Some fungi switch from a biotrophic to a necrotrophic relationship during their lifetime [ 16 , 17 ].…”

The genetics of exapted resistance to two exotic pathogens in pedunculate oak

“…However, some of the resistance mechanisms operating in the field were probably bypassed in leaves that had been excised, sterilized, and tested at the most susceptible stages, potentially accounting for the moderate correlations between field and laboratory assessments of susceptibility. These mechanisms might include ontogenic resistance (Edwards & Ayres, ), interactions with other phyllosphere microbes (Jakuschkin et al ., ), and induced systemic resistance (Panstruga & Kuhn, ). Differences between inoculations and natural conditions and, more generally, genotype‐by‐environment interactions can also be explained by differences in the nature of inoculum, a monospore isolate for inoculations compared with a diverse population, also varying in space and time, in natural conditions (Calenge & Durel, ).…”