MXenes with tunable work functions and their application as electron- and hole-transport materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells

Yu, Zhimeng; Feng, Wei; Lu, Wanheng; Li, Bichen; Yao, Hongyan; Zeng, Kaiyang; Ouyang, Jianyong

doi:10.1039/c9ta01195a

Cited by 158 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…32 As density functional theory (DFT) predicts, surface termination strongly influences the density of states 33 and the WF of MXenes 34 which can range from 1.6 eV (for OH-termination) to 6.25 eV (for Otermination). 34,35 This opens new opportunities for MXenes applications in optoelectronics and in particular in photovoltaics where already some initial studies have been presented for organic solar cells 36 , Si solar cells, 37 dye-synthesized solar cells 38 and PSCs. 39,40 In the PSC case, Ti3C2Tx MXenes have been incorporated into the perovskite absorber showing an improved morphology and an enhanced PCE (+12%) with respect to the reference cell without MXenes 39 or into the SnO2 electron transporting layer (ETL) 40 to provide superior charge transfer paths that permits to enhance the PCE (+6.5%) with respect to the reference cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

et al. 2019

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In order to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), careful device design and tailored interface engineering are needed to enhance optoelectronic properties and the charge extraction process at the selective electrodes. Here, we use two-dimensional transition metal carbides (the MXene Ti3C2TX) with various termination groups (TX) to tune the work function (WF) of the perovskite absorber and the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL), and to engineer the perovskite/ETL interface. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements and Density Functional Theory calculations show that the addition of Ti3C2TX to halide perovskite and TiO2 layers permits to tune the materials' WFs, without affecting other electronic properties. Moreover, the dipole induced by the Ti3C2TX at the perovskite/ETL interface can be used to change the band alignment between these layers. The combined action of WF tuning and interface engineering can lead to substantial performance improvements in MXene-modified PSCs, as shown by the 26% increase of power conversion efficiency and hysteresis reduction with respect to reference cells without Mxene.

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confidence: 99%

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

et al. 2019

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“…Namely, surface functional terminations are able to evidently influence intrinsic physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of MXenes, including work functions, electronic band structures, and hydrogen evolution reactivity. [ 16,37–40 ] Notably, metallic conductivity (> 10 4 S cm −1 for Ti 3 C 2 T x ) and surface hydrophilicity enable various electronic applications of MXenes, including transparent contacts and conductive fillers. [ 41,42 ] Apart from the reported metallic MXenes, semiconducting MXenes have been predicted and synthesized as well.…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in 2D MXenes for Photodetection

Ren

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

167

112

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A new class of 2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, termed MXenes, has emerged as a new candidate for many applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Since their first discovery in 2011, MXenes have gathered increasingly more interest owing to their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties that can be tuned by different surface terminations and transition metals. In particular, the intriguing optical and electrical properties, including transparency, saturable absorption, and high conductivity, grant MXenes various roles in photodetectors, such as transparent electrodes, Schottky contacts, photoabsorbers, and plasmonic materials. Given the solution‐processability, MXenes also hold great potential for large‐scale synthesis, and thus are favored for a number of electronic and photonic device applications. In this review, recent advances in photodetectors based on 2D MXenes are summarized. Despite the fact that such applications have only recently been explored compared with other 2D materials, MXenes have shown promise in low‐cost and high‐performance photodetection.

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“…[23] Yu et al tried Ti3C2Tx as electron-and hole-transport layers in organic solar cells and achieved a PCE of 9.06%. [24] Yet, the applications of MXenes in solar cells remain almost unexplored. Ti3C2Tx has metallic character of conductivity, promising photonic properties, and oxide-like surface termination that can be tuned to exhibit suitable properties as ETL for PSCs.…”

Section: Mxenes Are 2d Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides With A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Dall’Agnese

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

153

100

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MXenes are a large and rapidly expanding family of two-dimensional (2D) materials which, owing to their unique optoelectronic properties and tunable surface termination, find a wide range of applications including energy storage and energy conversion. In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets are applied as a novel type of electron transport layer (ETL) in low-temperature processed planar-structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Interestingly, simple UV-ozone treatment of the metallic Ti3C2Tx that increases the surface Ti-O bonds without any change in its bulk properties like high electron mobility improves its suitability as an ETL. Improved electron transfer and suppressed recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface results in augmentation of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 5.00% in the case of Ti3C2Tx without UV-ozone treatment to the champion PCE of 17.17%, achieved using the Ti3C2Tx film after 30 minutes of UV-ozone treatment. As the first report on the use of pure MXene layer as an ETL in PSCs, this work shows great potential of MXenes to be used in PSCs and displays their promises for applications in photovoltaic technology in general.

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MXenes with tunable work functions and their application as electron- and hole-transport materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells

Abstract: The work function of 2D Ti3C2Tx can be tuned in a range from 4.08 to 4.95 eV.

Cited by 158 publications

References 82 publications

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

Recent Advances in 2D MXenes for Photodetection

Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

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MXenes with tunable work functions and their application as electron- and hole-transport materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells

Abstract: The work function of 2D Ti3C2Tx can be tuned in a range from 4.08 to 4.95 eV.

Cited by 158 publications

References 82 publications

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

Titanium-carbide MXenes for work function and interface engineering in perovskite solar cells

Recent Advances in 2D MXenes for Photodetection

Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

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Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells