Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the widely targeted metabolome and transcriptome profiles of
Allium fistulosum
L. (FF) with the single extra chromosome of shallot [
A
.
cepa
L. Aggregatum group (AA)] to clarify the novel gene functions in flavonoid biosynthesis. An exhaustive metabolome analysis was performed using the selected reaction monitoring mode of liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, revealing a specific accumulation of quercetin, anthocyanin and flavone glucosides in AA and FF5A. The addition of chromosome 5A from the shallot to
A
.
fistulosum
induced flavonoid accumulation in the recipient species, which was associated with the upregulation of several genes including the
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
,
chalcone synthase
,
flavanone 3-hydroxylase
,
UDP-glucose flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase
,
anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase-like
,
pleiotropic drug resistance-like ATP binding cassette transporter
, and
MYB14
transcriptional factor. Additionally, an open access
Allium
Transcript Database (
Allium
TDB,
http://alliumtdb.kazusa.or.jp
) was generated by using RNA-Seq data from different genetic stocks including the
A
.
fistulosum–A
.
cepa
monosomic addition lines. The functional genomic approach presented here provides an innovative means of targeting the gene responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis in
A
.
cepa
. The understanding of flavonoid compounds and biosynthesis-related genes would facilitate the development of noble
Allium
varieties with unique chemical constituents and, subsequently, improved plant stress tolerance and human health benefits.