Mycotoxins in Animal Feedstuffs: Sensitive Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Sterigmatocystin, Zearalenone, and T-2 Toxin

Patterson, Deryck S. P.; Roberts, B.A.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/62.6.1265

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Common solvents used for solvent extraction include methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform, ethyl acetate, isooctane, ethanol and dichloromethane [4,73,77]. The most commonly used solvent extraction approach for AFs is the multi-mycotoxin extraction method of Patterson and Roberts [78]. This method utilizes different organic solvents and reagents such as acetonitrile, isooctane, potassium chloride, dichloromethane and sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Conventional Extraction Methods For Aflatoxins In Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the application of solvent extraction has been greatly limited because it enables the consumption of large quantities of organic solvents, which pose hazards to the environment [16,79]. Furthermore, solvent extraction often involves long extraction times and laborious procedures with the process extending up to 24 h or more [4,78]. Moreover, solvents of the required purity tend to be expensive and there are often additional costs with proper disposal of wastes after use [74,79].…”

Section: Conventional Extraction Methods For Aflatoxins In Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Prospects for Aflatoxins Extraction in Biological Materials

Gbashi¹,

Madala²,

AyodejiAdebo³

et al. 2017

Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are well-known mycotoxins and contaminants of various agricultural commodities globally that are linked to a wide range of adverse health and economic complications. Because of their incessant proliferation and deleterious consequences, it has become mandatory to routinely monitor the levels of these toxins in agricultural products before they go into the market. Essentially, effective analysis is an important component of AFs control, and extraction is a necessary step for their analysis, irrespective of the protocol adopted. Conventional methods for AF extraction are expensive, the processes involved are tedious and utilize large quantities of organic solvents that are environmentally unfriendly. This has necessitated the quest for alternatives that are 'green', cost-effective and easy to perform. In this regard, subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a viable alternative that has proven to be effective in the extraction of other bioactive compounds. This chapter presents a critical appraisal of the principles and dynamics of SWE, and its current applications as a viable tool in the extraction of AFs from various biological matrices. Although further research needs to be performed to enhance its applicability, the adoption of SWE in the extraction of AFs seems very promising and needs to be properly exploited.

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Section: Conventional Extraction Methods For Aflatoxins In Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Extraction Methods For Aflatoxins In Food and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Prospects for Aflatoxins Extraction in Biological Materials

Gbashi¹,

Madala²,

AyodejiAdebo³

et al. 2017

Aflatoxin-Control, Analysis, Detection and Health Risks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Samples of cereals were extracted with acetonitrile : 4% potassium chloride, 9 : 1 and ochratoxin A and citrinin were determined using TLC as described by Patterson and Roberts (1979) or alternatively extracted with dichloromethane : 1 mol 1 ~ hydrochloric acid, 10 : 1, and followed by HPLC (Scudamore and Hetmanski 1992). Xanthomegnin, viomellein and vioxanthin were determined using the method of Scudamore et al (1986).…”

Section: Cereal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Penicillium strains producing ochratoxin A, citrinin, xanthomegnin, viomellein and vioxanthin from stored cereal grains

Scudamore¹,

Clarke²,

Hetmanski³

1993

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Ochratoxin A producing strains of Penicillium were isolated from two out of 18 cereal samples known to be positive for this mycotoxin. These isolates were identified as Penicillium verrucosum and all also produced citrinin. However, the storage fungi isolated most frequently in the study were those of the complex Penicillium aurantiogriseum group, most strains of which produced xanthomegnin, viomellein and vioxanthin in liquid and solid culture. Potential for the simultaneous occurrence of five nephrotoxic mycotoxins in poorly stored grain in the UK has therefore been shown. The less sensitive analytical method for xanthomegnin, viomellein and vioxanthin may result in under‐estimation of their occurrence in practice in comparison to that for ochratoxin A and critinin.

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“…Mycotoxins were extracted from the feed by FIG 2. Plasma ALT activity after removal of mouldy biscuit meal from the diet the method of Patterson and Roberts (1979). Ochratoxin A and citrinin were detected in the feed at levels of 100 pg/kg and 150 pg/kg, respectively.…”

Section: Mycology/toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hep atop athy and dermatitis in a dog associated with the ingestion of mycotoxins

Little

McNeil

Robb³

1991

J of Small Animal Practice

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A five‐year‐old German shepherd dog was presented with a severe scrotal dermatitis of four weeks duration which had failed to respond to antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy. Dermato‐histopathology indicated that the lesion was a necrolytic process suggestive of the hepatocuta‐neous syndrome. Clinical biochemistry investigations indicated the presence of acute hepatocellular damage and cholestasis. The animal was fed a biscuit meal which was damp and mouldy. Penicillium vindication was grown from this feedstuff and three mycotoxins, citrinin, ochratoxin A and sterigmatocystin, were found; substances which have been associated with renal and hepatic lesions in dogs and laboratory animals. Symptomatic therapy and nutritional management, led to rapid clinical improvement. Subsequent plasma biochemistry confirmed that hepatic enzyme activities were returning to normal levels.

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Mycotoxins in Animal Feedstuffs: Sensitive Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Sterigmatocystin, Zearalenone, and T-2 Toxin

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Prospects for Aflatoxins Extraction in Biological Materials

Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Prospects for Aflatoxins Extraction in Biological Materials

Isolation of Penicillium strains producing ochratoxin A, citrinin, xanthomegnin, viomellein and vioxanthin from stored cereal grains

Hep atop athy and dermatitis in a dog associated with the ingestion of mycotoxins

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