Myelin basic protein immunoreactivity in the internal capsule of neonates from rats on a low iodine intake or on methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI)

Martinez-Galán, Juan R.; Pedraza, P; Santacana, Marı́a; Rey, Francisco Escobar del; Escobar, Gabriella Morreale de; Ruiz-Marcos, Antonio

doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(97)00071-0

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The prenatal or perinatal hypothyroidism delayed the development of the radial glia in the hippocampus and neocortex [21,22]. The mature radial glial cell fiber was reduced in the hippocampus of the rat fetus under hypothyroid conditions at GD21 [21], and delayed developmental patterns of the radial glia were observed in the neocortex of the hypothyroid rats from GD21 to PND10 [22]. Thus, the impaired development of the radial glia could be related to the abnormal neuronal migration and cerebral cortex cytoarchitecture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thyroid hormone insufficiency also affected the development of the radial glia, which is important for neuronal cell migration in the cerebral cortex [27]. The prenatal or perinatal hypothyroidism delayed the development of the radial glia in the hippocampus and neocortex [21,22]. The mature radial glial cell fiber was reduced in the hippocampus of the rat fetus under hypothyroid conditions at GD21 [21], and delayed developmental patterns of the radial glia were observed in the neocortex of the hypothyroid rats from GD21 to PND10 [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A volumetric analysis of the brain and hippocampus of rats rendered perinatal hypothyroid

Hasegawa

Kida

Wada

2010

Neuroscience Letters

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The thyroid hormone is essential for the proper development of the central nervous system (CNS). Hormone deficiency during CNS development causes neurological abnormalities in the brain. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions vulnerable to hormone deficiency, and the volume of dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis (CA) are reduced by transient hypothyroidism during CNS development. However, it remains unclear whether transient hypothyroidism specifically reduces the whole hippocampal volume. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on the ratio of hippocampal volume to brain volume as well as brain and hippocampal volumes overall. Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by adding the anti-thyroid drug, methimazole, to the drinking water of pregnant dams from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 21. The MRI experiment was conducted when the rats were between 7 and 11 months old. The results showed reductions of the hippocampal and brain volume of the treated group. However, the ratio of hippocampal volume to brain volume was comparable between the control and treated groups. These results indicate that perinatal hypothyroidism minimizes the brain as a whole, but does not minimize the hippocampus in particular.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A volumetric analysis of the brain and hippocampus of rats rendered perinatal hypothyroid

Hasegawa

Kida

Wada

2010

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Thyroid hormones control the temporal expression of a number of key enzymes involved in the synthesis of complex lipids and protein constituents of the myelin membrane (38, 51–58). Myelination occurs in rodents from PN 10 and extends beyond PN 30, beginning in caudal brain regions and progressing rostrally as the neonate matures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genomic Analysis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Hippocampus and Neocortex of the Developing Rat Brain

Royland

Parker

Gilbert

2008

J Neuroendocrinology

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Hypothyroidism during pregnancy and the early postnatal period has severe neurological consequences for the developing offspring. The impact of milder degrees of perturbation of the thyroid axis as encompassed in conditions of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia, however, has not been established. The present investigation examined the effects of graded levels of hypothyroidism, from subclinical to severe, on global gene expression in the developing rodent brain. Thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant rats via drinking water from gestational day 6 until sacrifice of pups prior to weaning. In the first study a specialised microarray, the Affymetrix Rat Neurobiology array RN_U34, was used to contrast gene expression in the hippocampus of animals exposed to 0 or 10 ppm (10 mg/l) PTU, a treatment producing severe hypothyroidism. In the second study, a more complete genome array (Affymetrix Rat 230A) was used to compare gene expression in the neocortex and hippocampus of postnatal day (PN) 14 animals experiencing graded degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency induced by delivery of 0, 1, 2 or 3 ppm PTU to the dam. Dose-dependent up- and down-regulation were observed for gene transcripts known to play critical roles in brain development and brain function. Expression levels of a subset of approximately 25 genes in each brain region were altered at a dose of PTU (1 ppm) that induced mild hypothyroxinemia in dams and pups. These data indicate that genes driving important developmental processes are sensitive to relatively modest perturbations of the thyroid axis, and that the level of gene expression is related to the degree of hormone reduction. Altered patterns of gene expression during critical windows of brain development indicate that thyroid disease must be viewed as a continuum and that conditions typically considered 'subclinical' may induce structural and functional abnormalities in the developing central nervous system.

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“…Severe iodine deficiency before and throughout gestation results in a rat model of neurological cretinism (330) with brain alterations similar to those described in human affected populations (342)(343)(344). Given that feeding on LID can potentially decrease fertility, particularly if the state of iodine deficiency is severe enough to reduce serum T 3 , LID alone might not act quickly enough to create a state of iodine deficiency in the fetus.…”

Section: And Recommendation 32mentioning

confidence: 98%

American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

Bianco

Anderson

Forrest

et al. 2014

Thyroid

175

106

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Myelin basic protein immunoreactivity in the internal capsule of neonates from rats on a low iodine intake or on methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI)

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

A volumetric analysis of the brain and hippocampus of rats rendered perinatal hypothyroid

A volumetric analysis of the brain and hippocampus of rats rendered perinatal hypothyroid

A Genomic Analysis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Hippocampus and Neocortex of the Developing Rat Brain

American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

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