n–3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Mothers, Preterm Infants, and Term Infants and Childhood Psychomotor and Visual Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Shulkin, Masha; Pimpin, Laura; Bellinger, David C.; Kranz, Sarah; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Duggan, Christopher; Mozaffarian, Dariush

doi:10.1093/jn/nxx031

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, despite intensive research in the area of fatty acid supplementation, no conclusive evidence exists thus far regarding child neurodevelopment or cognition and visual outcomes (reviewed in ref. 22,30 ), the benefits mainly manifested in preterm born infants 31 . In agreement with our study, although in that other publication, the child's development was evaluated by a psychological test, Mendez and co-workers 32 found that maternal fish consumption in excess of two to three times per week was associated with higher test scores when the child was four years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations of maternal diet and serum fatty acids during pregnancy and in early infancy on infantile neurodevelopment. METHODS: Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (pVEP) as depictors of central nervous system maturation were recorded from 56 children when they were 2 years old. Maternal nutrient intakes were calculated from food diaries and fish consumption from questionnaires collected during pregnancy. Serum phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in late pregnancy and from infants at 1 month of age. RESULTS: The children of the women who consumed fish three or more times per week during the last trimester of pregnancy had a higher pVEP component P100 amplitude for 60′ (mean 23.4, SD 8.1) and 30′ (mean 20.4, SD 6.7) of arcminute check sizes compared to those who consumed fish 0-2 times per week (mean 15.0, SD 4.8, p = 0.023, adjusted for birth weight and gender p = 0.058 and mean 13.4, SD 2.0, respectively, p = 0.028, adjusted p = 0.072). Maternal and child serum phospholipid fatty acids correlated with child pVEP measurements. CONCLUSION: The results of this small-scale study suggest that fish consumption during pregnancy and perinatal serum fatty acid status may associate with neurodevelopment within visual system during infancy.Pediatric Research (2019) 85:72-78; https://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants

et al. 2018

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“…Clinical trials of DHA supplementation and brain function N-3 LCPUFAs supplementation is recommended worldwide for fetomaternal and maternal-childhood growth and development, and cognitive function of the child (Carlson et al, 2013;Julvez et al, 2016;Koletzko et al, 2007;Parra-Cabrera et al, 2011). DHA supplementation improved pregnancy outcome, gestation, reduction in early preterm and very low birth weight, childhood visual and psychomotor development (Carlson et al, 2013;Shulkin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Dha Deficiency and Human Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n‐3: Its roles in the structure and function of the brain

Mallick

Basak

Duttaroy

2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and its metabolites are vital for the structure and functional brain development of the fetus and infants, and also for maintenance of healthy brain function of adults. DHA is thought to be an essential nutrient required throughout the life cycle for the maintenance of overall brain health. The mode of actions of DHA and its derivatives at both cellular and molecular levels in the brain are emerging. DHA is the major prevalent fatty acid in the brain membrane. The brain maintains its fatty acid levels mainly via the uptake of plasma free fatty acids. Therefore, circulating plasma DHA is significantly related to cognitive abilities during ageing and is inversely associated with cognitive decline. The signaling pathways of DHA and its metabolites are involved in neurogenesis, antinociceptive effects, anti-apoptotic effect, synaptic plasticity, Ca 2+ homeostasis in brain diseases, and the functioning of nigrostriatal activities. Mechanisms of action of DHA metabolites on various processes in the brain are not yet well known. Epidemiological studies support a link between low habitual intake of DHA and a higher risk of brain disorders. A diet characterized by higher intakes of foods containing high in n-3 fatty acids, and/or lower intake of n-6 fatty acids was strongly associated with a lower Alzheimer's Disease and other brain disorders. Supplementation of DHA improves some behaviors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior, as well as cognition. Nevertheless, the outcomes of trials with DHA supplementation have been controversial. Many intervention studies with DHA have shown an apparent benefit in brain function. However, clinical trials are needed for definitive conclusions. Dietary deficiency of n-3 fatty acids during fetal development in utero and the postnatal state has detrimental effects on cognitive abilities. Further research in humans is required to assess a variety of clinical outcomes, including quality of life and mental status, by supplementation of DHA.

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“…DHA is especially important for optimal development during the first 6 months of life postpartum (Lauritzen et al 2016). In addition, DHA supplementation during late pregnancy and early infancy has been found to subtly improve infant neural development (Shulkin et al 2018). Although its precise role in brain functioning and cognition throughout life has not yet been fully defined or quantified, the high accretion rates (Kris-Etherton et al 2009) and the amount of DHA accumulated in the developing brain suggest that DHA is a vital component in central nervous system function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected declines in global DHA availability for human consumption as a result of global warming

Colombo

Rodgers

Diamond

et al. 2019

Ambio

114

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential, omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is a key component of cell membranes and plays a vital role in vertebrate brain function. The capacity to synthesize DHA is limited in mammals, despite its critical role in neurological development and health. For humans, DHA is most commonly obtained by eating fish. Global warming is predicted to reduce the de novo synthesis of DHA by algae, at the base of aquatic food chains, and which is expected to reduce DHA transferred to fish. We estimated the global quantity of DHA (total and per capita) currently available from commercial (wild caught and aquaculture) and recreational fisheries. The potential decrease in the amount of DHA available from fish for human consumption was modeled using the predicted effect of established global warming scenarios on algal DHA production and ensuing transfer to fish. We conclude that an increase in water temperature could result, depending on the climate scenario and location, in a * 10 to 58% loss of globally available DHA by 2100, potentially limiting the availability of this critical nutrient to humans. Inland waters show the greatest potential for climate-warminginduced decreases in DHA available for human consumption. The projected decrease in DHA availability as a result of global warming would disproportionately affect vulnerable populations (e.g., fetuses, infants), especially in inland Africa (due to low reported per capita DHA availability). We estimated, in the worst-case scenario, that DHA availability could decline to levels where 96% of the global population may not have access to sufficient DHA. Keywords Aquaculture Á Climate change Á Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Á Fisheries Á Global warming Stefanie M. Colombo and Timothy F. M. Rodgers contributed equally to this project.

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n–3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Mothers, Preterm Infants, and Term Infants and Childhood Psychomotor and Visual Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: n-3 PUFA supplementation improves childhood psychomotor and visual development, without significant effects on global IQ later in childhood, although the latter conclusion is based on fewer studies.

Cited by 81 publications

References 81 publications

Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants

Perinatal nutrition impacts on the functional development of the visual tract in infants

Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n‐3: Its roles in the structure and function of the brain

Projected declines in global DHA availability for human consumption as a result of global warming

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