N-Acetyl-l-Glutamine, A Liquid-Stable Source of Glutamine, Partially Prevents Changes in Body Weight and on Intestinal Immunity Induced by Protein Energy Malnutrition in Pigs

López-Pedrosa, J.M.; Manzano, Manuel; Baxter, Jeffrey H.; Rueda, Ricardo

doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9500-y

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This protein consists primarily of gliadin and glutenin, which are rich in glutamic acid and proline and are beneficial for the intestinal health of animals [ 11 ]. Previous studies have shown that fermentation of feed ingredients can increase the digestibility of amino acids [ 7 , 8 ], improve intestinal digestion capacity [ 12 ], promote daily gain, and increase feed intake [ 13 , 14 ]. Previous research showed that wheat protein can promote the growth of weaning piglets, is better than plasma protein and glutamine for improving piglet immunity, and can increase the daily gain and improve the feed efficiency in weaning piglets [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented biogas residue on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs

Li³

et al. 2017

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of fermented biogas residue (FBR) of wheat on the performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs.MethodsWe selected 128 pigs (the mean initial body weight was 40.24±3.08 kg) and randomly allocated them to 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups) with 4 replicates per group and 8 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight and sex. The control group received a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the treatment group fed diets containing 5%, 10%, and 15% FBR, respectively (abbreviated as FBR5, FBR10, and FBR15, respectively). Every group received equivalent-energy and nitrogen diets. The test lasted 60 days and was divided into early and late stages. Blood and carcass samples were obtained on 60 d. Meat quality was collected from two pigs per pen.ResultsDuring the late stage, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the treatment groups was greater than that of the control group (p<0.05). During the entire experiment, the average daily gain of the treatment groups was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Fermented biomass residue did not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters or meat quality, but did affect amino acid profiles in pork. The contents of Asp, Arg, Tyr, Phe, Leu, Thr, Ser, Lys, Pro, Ala, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids in pork of FBR5 and FBR10 were greater than those of the control group (p<0.05).ConclusionThese combined results suggest that feeding FBR could increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in pigs and the content of several flavor-promoting amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented biogas residue on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs

Li³

et al. 2017

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…A number of studies over the past 10 years have shown that glutamine and/or glutamate supplementation can be beneficial to recently weaned piglets ( Jiang et al, 2009 , López-Pedrosa et al, 2007 , Wang et al, 2008 , Wu et al, 1996 , Yi et al, 2005 , Yoo et al, 1997 ). Such studies have indicated benefits in preventing intestinal atrophy, maintaining anti-oxidant status and lessening the incidence of diarrhea, and result in increased weight gain and improved food efficiency.…”

Section: Glutamate and Glutaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine and glutamate: Nonessential or essential amino acids?

Watford

2015

Animal Nutrition

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Glutamine and glutamate are not considered essential amino acids but they play important roles in maintaining growth and health in both neonates and adults. Although glutamine and glutamate are highly abundant in most feedstuffs there is increasing evidence that they may be limiting during pregnancy, lactation and neonatal growth, particularly when relatively low protein diets are fed. Supplementation of diets with glutamine, glutamate or both at 0.5 to 1.0% to both suckling and recently weaned piglets improves intestinal and immune function and results in better growth. In addition such supplementation to the sow prevents some of the loss of lean body mass during lactation, and increases milk glutamine content. However, a number of important questions related to physiological condition, species under study and the form and amount of the supplements need to be addressed before the full benefits of glutamine and glutamate supplementation in domestic animal production can be realized.

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“…Mitochondrial uptake of cytosolic NAG is not possible. Ingested NAG will be deacetylated like NAA by aminoacylase-1 and studies in rats, dogs and pigs with orally, enterally or parenterally administered N-acetylglutamine as a substitute for glutamine have shown that the nutritional value of Nacetylglutamine was comparable to that of L-glutamine (Neuhäuser-Berthold, et al, 1988;Gouttebel et al, 1992;Arnaud et al, 2004;Lopez-Pedrosa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Information On Naa and Nagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2007‐43) for the placing on the market of herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean 356043 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer

2011

EFS2

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This scientific opinion is an evaluation of a risk assessment for the genetically modified herbicide tolerant soybean 356043 for food and feed uses, import and processing. Soybean 356043 contains a single copy of intact gat4601 and Glycine max‐hra cassettes at a single insertion locus. The results of the bioinformatic analyses of the insert and the flanking regions, and the levels of newly expressed proteins did not raise a safety concern. The comparative analysis of phenotypic and agronomic characteristics indicated that soybean 356043 is not different from its conventional counterpart. In the composition, differences were identified between 356043 soybean and its conventional counterpart in the newly expressed proteins Glycine max‐HRA and GAT4601, and the levels of the fatty acids heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acid and the acetylated amino acids N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and N‐acetylglutamate (NAG). The safety assessment of the newly expressed proteins Glycine max‐HRA and GAT4601 identified no concerns regarding potential toxicity and allergenicity. Heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acid are present in the diet and the intake of small amounts of these fatty acids via food or feed is not expected to produce adverse effects. NAA and NAG are normal constituents in the mammalian metabolism and the estimated increases in their intake are considered low when related to the normal intake of L‐aspartic acid and L‐glutamic acid. Further toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional analysis provided no indications of adverse effects. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of feral soybean plants, except in the presence of the glyphosate and ALS‐inhibiting herbicides neither a risk caused by a possible transfer of the recombinant gene from soybean 356043 to environmental micro‐organisms. The EFSA GMO Panel considers that the information available for soybean 356043 addresses the scientific comments raised by the Member States and states that the soybean 356043, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of its intended uses.

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N-Acetyl-l-Glutamine, A Liquid-Stable Source of Glutamine, Partially Prevents Changes in Body Weight and on Intestinal Immunity Induced by Protein Energy Malnutrition in Pigs

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of fermented biogas residue on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs

Effect of fermented biogas residue on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs

Glutamine and glutamate: Nonessential or essential amino acids?

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐UK‐2007‐43) for the placing on the market of herbicide tolerant genetically modified soybean 356043 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer

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