N‐äthyl‐pyridinium‐chlorid als lösungsmittel und reaktionsmedium für cellulose

Husemann, Von E.; Siefert, E.

doi:10.1002/macp.1969.021280130

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Quantitative acylation is evident from the disappearance of any hydroxyl group absorption at about 3 300 cm -1 along with the increased intensity of ester carbonyl absorption at 1 750 cm -1 shown in the FTIR spectra. From the 1 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, a minimal chain degradation and high yield due to small consumption of reagent by side reactions may be realized. A variety of homogeneous reactions including acetylation had been performed many years ago in melts of N-ethylpyridinium chloride 1) . Mixtures composed of diethylamine, SO 2 , and dipolar aprotic liquids like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used successfully for etherification 2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective preparation of cellulose derivatives in a new simple cellulose solvent

Heinze¹,

Dicke

Koschella

et al. 2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

261

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective preparation of cellulose derivatives in a new simple cellulose solvent

Heinze¹,

Dicke

Koschella

et al. 2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

261

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“…In 1934, Graenacher reported that cellulose dissolved in a mixture of 1-ethylpyridinium chloride and nitrogencontaining base when heated at the melting point (T m ) above 120 C. 21 Moreover, T m was lowered to 77 C by mixing 1-ethylpyridinium chloride with 50% DMF or DMSO. 22 These solvent systems were not typical examples of IL-based solvents because of their relatively high T m and the volatility of the co-solvents. Rogers et al first demonstrated that some ILs could solubilize cellulose, in 2002.…”

Section: ç Cellulose Dissolution With Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task Specific Ionic Liquids for Cellulose Technology

Ohno¹,

Fukaya²

2008

Chemistry Letters

301

158

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Design of ionic liquids for dissolution, depolymerization, and energy conversion of cellulose and their derivatives is described. Importance of physicochemical properties such as polarity and hydrogen-bonding ability of the ionic liquids is described, and some practical approaches to prepare novel ionic liquids as solvents for cellulose technology are reviewed with latest results. Ç IntroductionThe energy crisis is a major concern. There have been many discussions of substitute materials to replace petroleum and other decreasing natural fuel resources. These natural resources derive from plants, namely, sugar derivatives have been synthesized by plants with the aid of solar energy. Biomass can then be converted into hydrocarbon fuel under the ground. However, we cannot wait for plants to be turned spontaneously but slowly into hydrocarbons. An excellent strategy for providing a new energy source is the immediate use of the biomass. It is, however, ridiculous to convert edible crops or vegetables into energy materials. We do not want to go into details, but energy should be extracted from inedible biomass, such as cereal straws, corn bagasse, cotton, and even used papers. Cellulose is the major component of such biomass, and it can be depolymerized into glucose. Furthermore, energy can be taken from glucose with the aid of enzymes. For efficient energy conversion, it is necessary to dissolve and depolymerize cellulose under mild reaction conditions. Accordingly, it is essential to design solvents for cellulose and to propose a system with minimum energy.Cellulose is stabilized by intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds so as to form tough bundles. Multiple hydrogen-bonding between cellulose molecules results in the formation of highly ordered crystalline regions; furthermore, these are mixed or covered by lignin. It is almost impossible to solubilize cellulose with water and common organic solvents. Some mixed systems composed of organic solvents, water, and salts have been proposed. In spite of the utility of these mixed solvent systems for cellulose, there remain some drawbacks such as volatility, generation of poisonous gas or waste, and difficulty of solvent recovery with small energy. It is not so difficult to combine the above requirements for a classical solvent system for cellulose, i.e., charge and organic compounds, and hydrogen-bonding ability. Organic salts typically fit this combination. In particular, organic salts with very low melting point should be good starting materials for the design of solvents for cellulose. In this review, we discuss the use of ionic liquids in cellulose processing.

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“…The use of Nethylpyridiniumchloride was first suggested as a solvent for cellulose by CIBA [11]. Husemann and Siefert [12] used a melt of N-ethylpyridiniumchloride for homogenous reactions of cellulose in solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%