NAD+/NADH homeostasis affects metabolic adaptation to hypoxia and secondary metabolite production in filamentous fungi*

Shimizu, Motoyuki

doi:10.1080/09168451.2017.1422972

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…From these observations, we infer that oxygen is necessary for AF synthesis, that is, oxygen is a conditio sine qua non for AF production, independent of mycelial growth. Hypoxia is reported 26 to lower metabolic rates in toxigenic Aspergilli ; this could explain the reduced fungal growth in the CS compared to the OS. Furthermore, the CS might drive A. parasiticus to hypoxia and therefore to a pro-glycolytic phenotype (similar to cancer’s Warburg effect) exploiting glucose with a reduced energetic yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

Finotti

Parroni

Zaccaria

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The role of aflatoxins (AFs) in the biology of producing strains, Aspergillus sect. Flavi, is still a matter of debate. Over recent years, research has pointed to how environmental factors altering the redox balance in the fungal cell can switch on the synthesis of AF. Notably, it has been known for decades that oxidants promote AF synthesis. More recent evidence has indicated that AF synthesis is controlled at the transcriptional level: reactive species that accumulate in fungal cells in the stationary growth phase modulate the expression of aflR, the main regulator of AF synthesis—through the oxidative stress related transcription factor AP-1. Thus, AFs are largely synthesized and secreted when (i) the fungus has exploited most nutritional resources; (ii) the hyphal density is high; and (iii) reactive species are abundant in the environment. In this study, we show that AFs efficiently scavenge peroxides and extend the lifespan of E. coli grown under oxidative stress conditions. We hypothesize a novel role for AF as an antioxidant and suggest its biological purpose is to extend the lifespan of AFs-producing strains of Aspergillus sect. Flavi under highly oxidizing conditions such as when substrate resources are depleted, or within a host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

Finotti

Parroni

Zaccaria

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Once the glycolysis rate is too high, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) will accumulate in the cytoplasm, thereby affecting the conversion efficiency of NAD + to NADH, reducing the ratio of NAD + /NADH, and breaking the intracellular redox balance (Shimizu, 2018). For the vip1 / strains grown in glucose medium, the intracellular NADH is nearly twice more than that of NAD + (Figure 2E).…”

Section: Knockout Of Vip1 But Not Kcs1 Causes the Strain To Grow Slowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Function of the Inositol Polyphosphate Kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 of Candida albicans in Energy Metabolism

Peng

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inositol polyphosphate kinase KCS1 but not VIP1 knockout is of great significance for maintaining cell viability, promoting glycolysis metabolism, and inducing mitochondrial damage. The functions of Candida albicans inositol polyphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 have not yet been studied. In this study, we found that the growth rate of C. albicans vip1Δ/Δ strain in glucose medium was reduced and the upregulation of glycolysis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial activity, resulting in a large accumulation of lipid droplets, along with an increase in cell wall chitin and cell membrane permeability, eventually leading to cell death. Relieving intracellular glycolysis rate or increasing mitochondrial metabolism can reduce lipid droplet accumulation, causing a reduction in chitin content and cell membrane permeability. The growth activity and energy metabolism of the vip1Δ/Δ strains in a non-fermentable carbon source glycerol medium were not different from those of the wild-type strains, indicating that knocking out VIP1 did not cause mitochondria damage. Moreover, C. albicans KCS1 knockout did not affect cell activity and energy metabolism. Thus, in C. albicans, Vip1 is more important than Kcs1 in regulating cell viability and energy metabolism.

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“…Transcriptome analysis revealed significant change of gene expression and led to the discovery of not only common but also species‐specific response to anaerobic conditions (Shimizu, 2018). The recorded transcriptome data show that different fungi have different mechanisms to adapt to anaerobic environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anaerobic survival mechanism of Schizophyllum commune 20R‐7‐F01, isolated from deep sediment 2 km below the seafloor

Arifeen

Chu

Yang

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Fungi dominated the eukaryotic group in the anaerobic sedimentary environment below the ocean floor where they play an essential ecological role. However, the adaptive mechanism of fungi to these anaerobic environments is still unclear. Here, we reported the anaerobic adaptive mechanism of Schizophyllum commune 20R‐7‐F01, isolated from deep coal‐bearing sediment down to ~2 km below the seafloor, through biochemical, metabolomic and transcriptome analyses. The fungus grows well, but the morphology changes obviously and the fruit body develops incompletely under complete hypoxia. Compared with aerobic conditions, the fungus has enhanced branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis and ethanol fermentation under anaerobic conditions, and genes related to these metabolisms have been significantly up‐regulated. Additionally, the fungus shows novel strategies for synthesizing ethanol by utilizing both glycolysis and ethanol fermentation pathways. These findings suggest that the subseafloor fungi may adopt multiple mechanisms to cope with lack of oxygen.

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NAD+/NADH homeostasis affects metabolic adaptation to hypoxia and secondary metabolite production in filamentous fungi*

Cited by 26 publications

References 79 publications

Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

Study on the Function of the Inositol Polyphosphate Kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 of Candida albicans in Energy Metabolism

The anaerobic survival mechanism of Schizophyllum commune 20R‐7‐F01, isolated from deep sediment 2 km below the seafloor

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