Naegleria fowleri from Pakistan Has Type-2 Genotype

Aurongzeb, Muhammad; Rashid, Yasmeen; Naqvi, Syed Habib Ahmed; Khatoon, Ambrina; Haq, Sadia Abdul; Azim, M. Kamran; Kaleem, Imdad; Bashir, Shahid

doi:10.18502/ijpa.v17i1.9015

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This research on N. fowleri CERE sequencing utilized the DNA extracted from the same clinical isolate (AY-27) which have been used in our recently published research [ 12 ]. It was the CSF of a 28 years-old suspected PAM patient that was cultured using non-nutrient media with Escherichia coli ATCC29522 (Manassas, VA, USA) for 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the extrachromosomal plasmid rDNA of Naegleria fowleri AY27 genotype II: A human brain-eating amoeba via high-throughput sequencing

Aurongzeb,

Talha Malik,

Jahanzaib

et al. 2024

BMC Med Genomics

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Naegleria fowleri, also known as brain-earing amoeba, causes severe and rapidly fatal CNS infection in humans called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The DNA from the N. fowleri clinical isolate was sequenced for circular extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (CERE - rDNA). The CERE contains 18 S, 5.8 S, and 28 S ribosomal subunits separated by internal transcribed spacers, 5 open reading frames (ORFs), and mostly repeat elements comprising 7268 bp out of 15,786 bp (46%). A wide variety of variations and recombination events were observed. Finally, the ORFs that comprised only 4 hypothetical proteins were modeled and screened against Zinc drug-like compounds. Two compounds [ZINC77564275 (ethyl 2-(((4-isopropyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) methyl) (methyl)amino) oxazole-4-carboxylate) and ZINC15022129 (5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2’-bipyrimidine]-4,6(1 H,5 H)-dione)] were finalized as potential druggable compounds based on ADME toxicity analysis. We propose that the compounds showing the least toxicity would be potential drug candidates after laboratory experimental validation is performed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the different geographical distribution of varied genotypes makes them a vital epidemiologic indicator, which can be employed in mapping out the right source of infection in certain populace [ 11 ]. N. fowleri genotype II has previously been reported from many Asian countries including Pakistan [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the extrachromosomal plasmid rDNA of Naegleria fowleri AY27 genotype II: A human brain-eating amoeba via high-throughput sequencing

Aurongzeb,

Talha Malik,

Jahanzaib

et al. 2024

BMC Med Genomics

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“…Previous to this review, the most extensive study about the geographic distribution of N. fowleri genotypes was described by De Jonckheere [ 14 ]. However, Figure 1 shows the current geographic distribution, including those isolated from clinical cases and environmental samples [ 13 , 14 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Naegleria Fowlerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae

et al. 2022

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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa widely distributed in the environment, found in a great diversity of terrestrial biomes. Some genera of FLA are linked to human infections. The genus Acanthamoeba is currently classified into 23 genotypes (T1-T23), and of these some (T1, T2, T4, T5, T10, T12, and T18) are known to be capable of causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) mainly in immunocompromised patients while other genotypes (T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T10, T11, T12, and T15) cause Acanthamoeba keratitis mainly in otherwise healthy patients. Meanwhile, Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of an acute infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), while Balamuthia mandrillaris, like some Acanthamoeba genotypes, causes GAE, differing from the latter in the description of numerous cases in patients immunocompetent. Finally, other FLA related to the pathologies mentioned above have been reported; Sappinia sp. is responsible for one case of amoebic encephalitis; Vermamoeba vermiformis has been found in cases of ocular damage, and its extraordinary capacity as endocytobiont for microorganisms of public health importance such as Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus anthracis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. This review addressed issues related to epidemiology, updating their geographic distribution and cases reported in recent years for pathogenic FLA.

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“…Previous to this review, the most extensive study about the geographic distribution of N. fowleri genotypes was described by De Jonckheere [13]. However, Figure 1 shows the current geographic distribution, including those isolated from clinical cases and environmental samples [12,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Naegleria Fowlerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae

Otero-Ruiz¹,

Gonzalez-Zuñiga²,

Rodriguez-Anaya³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa widely distributed in the environment, found in a great diversity of terrestrial biomes. However, few genera of FLA are linked to human infections. Within these genera, Acanthamoeba spp., classified by genotypes (T1-T23), being T1, T2, T4, T5, T10, T12, and T18 as capable of causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised patients mostly and Acanthamoeba keratitis related to genotypes T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T10, T11, T12 and T15 in apparently healthy patients. Meanwhile, Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of an acute infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), while Balamuthia mandrillaris, like some Acanthamoeba genotypes, causes GAE, differing from the latter in the description of numerous cases in patients immunocompetent. Finally, other FLA related to the pathologies mentioned above have been reported; Sappinia pedata is responsible for one case of amoebic encephalitis; Vermamoeba vermiformis has been found in cases of ocular damage, and its extraordinary capacity as endocytobiont for microorganisms of public health importance such as Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus anthracis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. In this review, issues related to the epidemiology of each one are addressed, updating their geographic distribution and cases reported in recent years for pathogenic FLA.

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Naegleria fowleri from Pakistan Has Type-2 Genotype

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Exploring the extrachromosomal plasmid rDNA of Naegleria fowleri AY27 genotype II: A human brain-eating amoeba via high-throughput sequencing

Exploring the extrachromosomal plasmid rDNA of Naegleria fowleri AY27 genotype II: A human brain-eating amoeba via high-throughput sequencing

Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae

Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae

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