<p class="western" lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></span></p><p class="western" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Objective</strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">:This study evaluated the </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">hardness and modulus of elasticity</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">of the </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">dentin </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">bond interface</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"> using total-etch (Single Bond /SB) and self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond/CSEB) adhesives associated with Nd:YAG Laser irradiation through the unpolymerized adhesives.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Material and Methods</strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">: The occlusal surfaces of 12 human third molars were ground until superficial dentin was exposed. A standardized circular cavity was performed on the occlusal surface. Specimens were sectioned in the mesio-distal direction, and the 24 hemi-crowns were divided into four groups: Group SB/Control - SB + polymerization; Group SB/Laser - SB</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em> +</em></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"> Nd:YAG laser (</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">174.16J/cm</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">2</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">/60s/non-contact) + polymerization; Group </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">CSEB/</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">Control – </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">CSEB + </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">polymerization; Group </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">CSEB</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">/Laser - </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">CSEB + </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">Nd:YAG laser (</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">174.16J/cm</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">2</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">/cm</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">2</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">/60s/non-contact) + polymerization. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">Composite </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">were placed in the cavities and polymerized. The specimens were immersed in distilled water and stored in an oven at 37ºC for 24h and then submitted to nanoindentation in a Nano Indenter® XP appliance. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Results</strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">: The results were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Student's-</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>t</em></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"> test (p < 0.05). </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Conclusão: </strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">It was concluded that the application of the Nd:YAG laser in both adhesive systems did not changed the hybrid layer hardness; however, it increases the modulus of elasticity </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en">in the hybrid layer </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US">for both adhesives tested and it maybe preserves the integrity of the adhesive interface and its durability.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"><strong> Clinical relevance:</strong></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"> The application of Nd:YAG laser prior to photopolymerization of adhesive systems can increase the modulus of elasticity </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en">in the hybrid layer and</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="en-US"> may contribute to stress distribution in the adhesive interface during the polymerization preserving the integrity of the adhesive interface and its durability.</span></span></span></p>