Nanobioaerosols—reconsidering agricultural irrigation in a warming world

Abstract

Nanobacteria are best described as 60-300 nm nanovesicles. In the body they collect calcium and phosphate to form apatite, adhere to cells, or invade them--processes regulated by a slime based on proteins (primordial proteins). A versatile functionality realized with a minimum of properties equips nanobacteria with a unique survival potential. They were identified in humans, animals, wastewater and the stratosphere. In South Africa they were detected in people infected with HIV. Models indicate that they boost the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 virus. Experiments showed that they are excreted via urine, explaining their presence in the environment. Eradication would be virtually impossible if they had an extraterrestrial origin, implying a permanent bombardment from space. Whereas the biological status of nanobacteria is still not clarified, we postulate here that the native habitat of nanobacteria are mammals, suggesting that at least modern species have their origin on Earth. The thesis results from mapping functions and properties of the slime, and could facilitate the localisation of nanobacterial reservoirs, identification of local distribution routes and tracking of global transport cycles. Agricultural irrigation with water containing excreta from humans infected with nanobacteria could be a central disseminator of the nanobioaerosols.

Identification of Nanobacteria in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid by Method Validated in Human Blood and Urine using 200 nm Model Nanoparticles

“…The method recommends itself for the screening of body fluids for NB on a large scale, as could be necessary for the assessment of coinfections with NB in HIV-infected people in sub-Saharan Africa . Considering the reported identification of NB in the terrestrial atmosphere on the one hand , , and the probability of their massive injection into the atmosphere via agricultural use of water enriched with human urine containing potentially viable NB for irrigation, in particular spray irrigation, and human (and animal) excreta containing potentially viable NB for crop fertilization , , on the other hand, simple methods facilitating their identification in open water reservoirs and in environmental samples such as rain or ice particles should be welcomed. The recently reported identification of NB in 48 of 74 heart valves, supports the possibility that NB are not simply innocent bystanders but play an active role in heart valve calcification , and is expected to prompt additional study.…”

Fetuin-A/Albumin-Mineral Complexes Resembling Serum Calcium Granules and Putative Nanobacteria: Demonstration of a Dual Inhibition-Seeding Concept

“…As agents of transmissible infectivity, NB are said to fulfill either in part or completely the classic Koch's postulates [6]–[8], [28], [36]–[39]. On these same grounds, NB have been proposed as a potential global health hazard [16], [17], [40], [41]. NB are thus unusual in that they are seen by some [25] not only as primitive symbionts and precursors of biological life but also as infectious agents of disease—extraordinary claims in themselves that have led to intense debate and skepticism.…”

Proteobionics: Biomimetics in Proteomics

“…In a primordial world, NB could have participated in life-forming prebiotic processes, 30 orchestrating evolutional jumps. 7 Today, they may have lost their original biological purpose and appear to us as misplaced survivalists, their implication in HIV seems totally accidental.…”

“…The identification of the possible ancient mechanism promises to be instrumental in inspiring novel routes to overcome the relatively low levels of transfection that are achieved by current gene delivery systems, with limited therapeutic utility of gene transfer. In a primordial world, NB could have participated in life-forming prebiotic processes, orchestrating evolutional jumps . Today, they may have lost their original biological purpose and appear to us as misplaced survivalists, their implication in HIV seems totally accidental.…”

“…We introduced biomimetics into the field of proteomics on the basis of nanobacteria (NB) and the primordial proteins (PP) synthesized by them . Analysis of the functions and properties of the PP turned out to be extremely fruitful and led to an extensive catalog of protein modifications, as response patterns to environmental changes, which provided a synoptic view of possible evolutionary implications of early proteins . Proteomic technologies have already proven useful to study the response of bacterial cells to conditions of environmental stress .…”