Nanocoating cellulose paper based microextraction combined with nanospray mass spectrometry for rapid and facile quantitation of ribonucleosides in human urine

Biopolymers in sorbent-based microextraction methods

“…As it has been pointed out in the application of cellulose in other sorbent-phase microextraction methods, this biopolymer is very versatile and could be used in combination with different types of materials to obtain efficient hybrids materials. In this sense, cellulose filter papers have been easily modified with polydopamine by performing the polymerization in the presence of the filter paper [104], and with ZrO 2 by depositing Zr gel films on the surface using a layer-by-layer sol-gel methodology [127]. An anticodeine aptamer has also been immobilized on aldehyde-modified cellulose filter papers to obtain thin films [128].…”

“…The extraction of natural or bioactive compounds from plantderived materials has also been reported in several studies [118,120,122,124]. Cellulose-based sorbent have also being useful in bioclinical analysis for the extraction of nucleosides [127] and biomarkers [125]. The determination of metal species using these sorbents has been barely described [102,121].…”

“…The methods have been mainly applied for the analysis of environmental waters [102,103,123,126,129,131,134,136], body fluids, including urine and blood plasma [119,125,127,128,131], and beverages [101,105,133e135,137,138]. In the case of the analysis of solid samples, such as food and plants, the application of the sorbent-based microextraction method usually required a previous extraction step of the sample using an organic solvent, which may reduce the sustainability of the process [120,121,124].…”

“…Only a few studies reported the use of GC in combination with different detectors for the determination of the target compounds [106,134,137]. Others determination instruments have been used considering the nature of the extracted analytes, such as electrothermal AAS for Cr determination [102], capillary electrophoresis for Ag nanoparticles [121], fluorimetric determination of danofloxacin [101], or direct nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for nucleosides detection [127].…”

Is this the end of dried blood spots as we know it?

“…32 None of them is as specific for protein analysis as antibodies and proteolytic enzymes, but, e.g., ZrO 2 -coated paper for the capture of diol-containing compounds has been described. 33 This can F I G U R E 4 Schematic illustration of different immobilization strategies: (A) adsorption, (B) covalent linkage and (C) through the use of bioaffinity tag. The illustration shows the immobilization of antibodies, but the approaches can also be used for immobilization of enzymes (e.g.…”