Nanoencapsulation of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Enhances Protection Against UVB-Induced Epidermal Damage through Regulation of p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Mice

Abstract

Excess ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes numerous forms of skin damage. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the photoprotective effects of cyanidin-3- O-glucoside (C3G) alone and encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-C3G) in a UVB-induced acute photodamage mouse model. Nano-C3G was developed from chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) by ionic gelation. The particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro release in 6 days were determined. Kunming (KM) mice were treated with Nano-C3G (125, 250, 500 μM) or C3G (500 μM) after part of the dorsal skin area was dehaired and then exposed to 2 J/cm of UVB. The nanocapsules were successfully produced and had a uniform and complete spherical shape without agglomeration. The size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading of Nano-C3G was 288 nm, +30 mV, 44.90%, and 4.30%, respectively. C3G in the nanocapsules was released quite rapidly, and the release rate slowed down at higher pH. The animal experiment demonstrated that Nano-C3G could effectively reduce the UVB-induced lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine contents; downregulate p53, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and caspase-3 and -9 expression; and balance the B-cell lymphoma-2/leukemia-2 ratio. Moreover, Nano-C3G (125, 250, 500 μM) improved the visual appearance, skin moisture, histologic appearance, and apoptotic index (based on TUNEL staining) under UVB exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest that Nano-C3G can reduce UVB-induced epidermal damage through the p53-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, Nano-C3G was more efficient than C3G at the same concentration (500 μM).

Protective effects of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida ) polyphenol extract against UVB-induced skin damage by modulating the p53 mitochondrial pathway in vitro and in vivo

“…However, the p53 expression was significantly reduced in UVB‐irradiated cells after HPE treatment ( p < 0.01). These findings suggest that HPE regulated the cell apoptosis by reducing the generation of ROS, DNA damage, and p53 activation, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies (Hu et al, ; Liu, Hu et al, ).…”

Protective effects of cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside on UVB‐induced chronic skin photodamage in mice via alleviating oxidative damage and anti‐inflammation

“…Therefore, we need to determine whether C3G can penetrate into the skin and provide the possibility for anthocyanins as a functional factor for chronic photodamage. Our previous studies and others have shown that the characteristic absorption wavelengths of C3G are 279.9 and 519.3 nm (Liu et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2015). In this study, C3G was detected in the skin samples from the vitro experiment (Figure 1), it indicated that C3G can penetrate the skin.…”

“…found that delphinidin can target P47 phox , thereby inhibiting UVB‐induced ROS production (Lim et al., 2013). And our previous studies have shown that C3G scavenge ROS by decreasing EGFR phosphorylation in HaCaT cells, and C3G can also inhibit UVB‐induced the product of ROS including lipid peroxide and malondialdehyde in mice (He et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2018). Besides, C3G can inhibit UVB‐induced GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage (Pratheeshkumar et al., 2014).…”

Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals

“…CG is a potent antioxidant and protects against oxidative damage 157 . CG was also reported to reduce UVB-induced damage in vitro [158][159][160] and in vivo 161,162 .…”