Nanofabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond

Marseglia, Luca; Hadden, J. P.; Stanley-Clarke, A. C.; Harrison, J. P.; Patton, Brian; Ho, Y.-L. D.; Naydenov, Boris; Jelezko, Fedor; Meijer, Jan; Dolan, Philip R.; Smith, Jason M.; Rarity, John; O'Brien, Jeremy L.

doi:10.1063/1.3573870

Cited by 116 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A major drawback of these methods is that they are not scalable; it is necessary to fabricate many devices to form one usable device with an NV in an optimal location 6 . In some cases, it is possible to register the fabrication process around a NV center, but this registration process is limited in precision by optical diffraction, is time consuming, and not scalable 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned Formation of Highly Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Using a Focused Electron Irradiation Technique

McLellan¹,

Myers²,

Kräemer³

et al. 2016

Nano Lett.

113

124

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We demonstrate fully three-dimensional and patterned localization of nitrogenvacancy (NV) centers in diamond with coherence times in excess of 1 ms. Nitrogen δ-doping during CVD diamond growth vertically confines nitrogen to 4 nm while electron irradiation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) laterally confines vacancies to less than 1 µm. We characterize the effects of electron energy and dose on NV formation. Importantly, our technique enables the formation of reliably high-quality NV centers inside diamond nanostructures, with applications in quantum information and sensing.Keywords: Nitrogen-vacancy center, diamond, quantum coherence, transmission electron microscopy Because of its solid-state host, natural coupling to photons, and long quantum coherence at room temperature, the NV center spin is promising in quantum photonics 1,2 , nanometer-scale field

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned Formation of Highly Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Using a Focused Electron Irradiation Technique

McLellan¹,

Myers²,

Kräemer³

et al. 2016

Nano Lett.

113

124

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“…by solid immersion lenses [30] or diamond pillar structures [31]. In addition T D can be improved by analogues of higher order dynamical decoupling sequences like CPMG or UDD [32] allowing for micro Kelvin temperature sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Precision Nanoscale Temperature Sensing Using Single Defects in Diamond

et al. 2013

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Measuring local temperature with a spatial resolution on the order of a few nanometers has a wide range of applications from semiconductor industry over material to life sciences [1]. When combined with precision temperature measurement it promises to give excess to small temperature changes caused e.g. by chemical reactions or biochemical processes [2]. However, nanoscale temperature measurements and precision have excluded each other so far owing to the physical processes used for temperature measurement of limited stability of nanoscale probes [3]. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel nanoscale temperature sensing technique based on single atomic defects in diamonds. Sensor sizes range from millimeter down to a few tens of nanometers. Utilizing the sensitivity of the optically accessible electron spin level structure to temperature changes [4] we achieve a temperature noise floor of 5 mK/ √ Hz for single defects in bulk sensors. Using doped nanodiamonds as sensors yields temperature measurement with 130 mK/ √ Hz noise floor and accuracies down to 1 mK at length scales of a few ten nanometers. The high sensitivity to temperature changes together with excellent spatial resolution combined with outstanding sensor stability allows for nanoscale precision temperature determination enough to measure chemical processes of few or single molecules by their reaction heat even in heterogeneous environments like cells.Several kinds of nanoscale temperature sensing techniques have been developed in the recent past [1]. These are scanning thermal microscopes (SThM) [5], dispersed or scanned individual nanoprobes [3,6], direct methods like micro-Raman spectroscopy [7] or near-field optical temperature measurements [8]. SThMs have temperature sensitive elements at a scanning tip (e.g. thermocouple), the nanoprobes have temperature dependent properties (e.g. fluorescence spectrum) which can be accessed without direct contact.In this study utilize a single quantum system in a solid state matrix as a temperature nanoprobe, namely the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, which allows probe sizes down to ∼ 5 nm [9]. High fidelity control of its ground state electronic and nuclear spins has been demonstrated for various quantum information test experiments [10-15] as well as for nanometer scale metrology purposes [16][17][18][19] e.g. measuring small magnetic and electric fields. Here we show that it also allows tracking temperature with high precision. Temperature nanoprobes can be either dispersed in the specimen to be investigated or used in scanning probe geometry (see fig. 1a).The NV center is a molecular impurity in diamond comprising a substitutional nitrogen impurity and an adjacent carbon vacancy. Optical excitation in a wavelength range from 460 nm to 580 nm yields intense fluorescence emission [20]. Excitation also leads to a high degree of ground state electron spin polarization (S = 1, the actual sensor level) into its m S = 0 (|0 ) sublevel [21]. Furthermore the fluorescence decreases upo...

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“…In contrast, they might be very suitable for approaches where a diamond chip is used for sensing (wide field approaches, lower spatial resolution, e.g., [92]). Taking into account the first two criteria, also solid immersion lenses, where color centers are buried inside diamond half spheres, are not suitable [93]. In this review, we focus on the nanostructure types suitable for scanning probe sensing.…”

Section: Nanostructures For Photonics and Scanning Probe Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Sensing Using Point Defects in Single-Crystal Diamond: Recent Progress on Nitrogen Vacancy Center-Based Sensors

et al. 2017

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Individual, luminescent point defects in solids, so-called color centers, are atomic-sized quantum systems enabling sensing and imaging with nanoscale spatial resolution. In this overview, we introduce nanoscale sensing based on individual nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We discuss two central challenges of the field: first, the creation of highly-coherent, shallow NV centers less than 10 nm below the surface of a single-crystal diamond; second, the fabrication of tip-like photonic nanostructures that enable efficient fluorescence collection and can be used for scanning probe imaging based on color centers with nanoscale resolution.

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Nanofabricated solid immersion lenses registered to single emitters in diamond

Cited by 116 publications

References 17 publications

Patterned Formation of Highly Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Using a Focused Electron Irradiation Technique

Patterned Formation of Highly Coherent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Using a Focused Electron Irradiation Technique

High-Precision Nanoscale Temperature Sensing Using Single Defects in Diamond

Nanoscale Sensing Using Point Defects in Single-Crystal Diamond: Recent Progress on Nitrogen Vacancy Center-Based Sensors

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