Nanoparticle‐Based Formulations of Glycopeptide Antibiotics: A Means for Overcoming Vancomycin Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens?

Abstract

The occurrence and spreading of multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens represent one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. With fewer and fewer new antibiotics in development, novel and unconventional concepts in drug development and formulation need to be explored to overcome the global antibiotics crisis. Biomedical nanotechnology offers promising strategies for the reformulation of established antibiotics in such a way that they regain their activity against resistant pathogens. Herein, promising developments aimed at the synthesis of potent nanoparticle‐based formulations of glycopeptide antibiotics are reviewed. While glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin are widely used as drugs of last resort against Gram‐positive pathogens such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), bacterial resistance against these drugs is spreading. However, inhibiting cell wall synthesis via binding to cell wall precursor peptidoglycans, glycopeptide antibiotics exhibit a unique mode of action that renders them particularly promising candidates for nanoparticle‐based formulations with the ability to overcome glycopeptide antibiotic resistance. Herein, different formulation concepts based on multivalent presentation and encapsulation are introduced, different synthesis and conjugation strategies are discussed, and an attempt is made to rationalize their effects on the antibacterial activity of the resulting nanoparticle formulations.

Advances in Nanotechnology for Biofilm Inhibition

“…These may affect the shape, size and surface properties, which in turn may influence the activity . Polymeric NPs have been shown to exhibit potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . Polymeric NPs can inhibit bacterial growth, target the cell membrane biosynthesis, and prevent the formation and dispersion of biofilms. , Polymeric NPs composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG), chitosan, and poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) have been extensively explored for their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity.…”

Effects of antibiotic, acidifier, and probiotic supplementation on mortality rates, lipoprotein profile, and carcass traits of broiler chickens

“…Antibiotics also perform a variety of physiological functions, including nutrient absorption and feed intake ( Abd El-Hack et al., 2022 ), energy and nitrogen retention ( Lee et al., 2023 ), metabolic functions like liver protein synthesis ( Miller & Singer, 2022 ), and so on. Despite having favorable effects antibiotics also exhibit some side effects for instance slowed feed transit times ( Wallace et al., 2023 ), decreased gut wall thickness and diameter ( Pothineni & Keller, 2023 ), reduced energy and vitamin synthesis in the gut ( Voland et al., 2022 ), and toxic ammonia production ( Li et al., 2022 ).…”