Nanoparticles of alkylglyceryl dextran and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) for applications in drug delivery: Preparation and characterization

Abstract

Toward the development of drug carriers that are capable of crossing biological membranes, controlled emulsion polymerisation has been utilised to produce nanoparticulate carriers from the combination of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) and alkylglyceryl dextran to a molecular structure designed to combine the non-immunogenic and stabilising properties of dextran with the demonstrated permeation enhancing ability of alkylglycerols. To this aim, a systematic series of alkylglyceryl dextrans have been synthesised and functionalised with ethyl or butyl cyanoacrylates to form stable polymeric nanocarriers (100-500 nm). Results of investigations into their capability to act as controlled-release devices and their cytotoxicity against bEnd3 cells are reported.

Investigations of amphiphilic butylglyceryl‐functionalized dextran nanoparticles for topical delivery

“…17 Conversely, higher DS values have been reported by Ibegbu et al in another alternative alkylation reaction of dextran in an organic medium with various alkyl chain lengths of alkylglycerols-butyl, octyl, lauryl, or hexadecyl-at lower molar ratio (1:4) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide catalyst, with DS values that ranged from 68.5% to 144.9%. 23 GPC technique was utilized to analyze the MW of DEX-OX4 and an increase in the MW following modification was observed in the results (Table 2), hence supporting the previous results shown by NMR and FT-IR analyses for successful modification-in accordance with the results shown in our previous study for butylglyceryl pectin. 17 The polymer polydispersity index (PDI) explains the molecular weight distribution of polymer chain, with values reported here~1 suggesting a near-monodispersed polymer chain distribution and homogenous branching.…”

“…Butylglyceryl dextran was subsequently assessed for its ability to form nanoparticles that perhaps are desirable as drug vehicles, and it was discovered that the properties of this material render nanoprecipitation as one of the most appropriate methods for this aim. DEX‐OX4 was simply dissolved in DMSO and dialyzed against deionized water under controlled conditions to yield nanoparticulates with a close‐to‐spherical morphology that were easily self‐assembled (Figure 6), in accordance with the literature 23 …”

“…An increase in the DS (~6.3%–35.7%) for lower molar ratio (1:1 and 1:5) used was illustrated in the results (Table 1), as opposed to our previous study synthesizing alkylated pectin with butylglycidyl ether in an aqueous alkali medium utilizing 1:19 molar ratio with DS values obtained ranged from 10% to 14% 17 . Conversely, higher DS values have been reported by Ibegbu et al in another alternative alkylation reaction of dextran in an organic medium with various alkyl chain lengths of alkylglycerols‐butyl, octyl, lauryl, or hexadecyl—at lower molar ratio (1:4) in the presence of potassium tert‐butoxide catalyst, with DS values that ranged from 68.5% to 144.9% 23 …”

Natural Polysaccharide Carriers in Brain Delivery: Challenge and Perspective

“…In another approach, the affinity, and thus the permeation across the BBB, was enhanced by the functionalization of the PSC with hydrophobic moieties. Lipidized CH [22] and dextran (DEX) [23][24][25], prepared by functionalization with alkylglycerols and formulated as nanoparticles, showed an increased drug permeability in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Following the same approach, butylglyceryl derivatives of guar gum (GG) and pullulan (PL) were employed to develop nanocarriers loaded with a range of active agents (doxorubicin (DOX), rhodamine B (RhodB), angiotensin II (AngII)), and their performance as brain delivery systems was compared to that of the corresponding butylglyceryl CH nanoparticles.…”

A journey through the emergence of nanomedicines with poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) based nanoparticles

“…Few other synthetic polymers have been suggested but their use remains marginal so far [Amoozgar and Yeo, 2012]. In contrast, there is a growing interest using polysaccharides as an alternative to PEG [Lemarchand et al, 2004, Jin et al, 2011, Yu et al, 2014, Ibegbu et al, 2017, Juenet et al, 2018. A method for the obtaining of stealth PACA nanoparticles using polysaccharides as coating materials was developed from a radical emulsion polymerization of alkylcyanoacrylate monomers [Chauvierre et al, 2003, Alhareth et al, 2012.…”