Nanoscale interfacial engineering enables highly stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics

Krishna, Anurag; Zhang, Hong; Zhou, Zhiwen; Gallet, Thibaut; Dankl, Mathias; Ouellette, Olivier; Eickemeyer, Felix T.; Fu, Fan; Sánchez, Sandy; Mensi, Mounir; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Röthlisberger, Ursula; Reddy, G. N. Manjunatha; Redinger, Alex; Grätzel, Michaël; Hagfeldt, Anders

doi:10.1039/d1ee02454j

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…[31][32][33][34][35] A lack of in-depth understanding of the heterojunction interfaces and appropriate interface designs, specifically the buried interfaces under polycrystalline perovskite films, is impeding further advancements in perovskite photovoltaic performance and stability. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] To date, many researches mainly focus on the top surfaces of perovskite. [43][44][45][46][47] However, due to the accumulation of deep-level trap states, it is known that unfavorable non-radiative recombination losses that impede device power outputs exist at the interfaces with bottom contact layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Zuo-ning

Wang

Choy

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

148

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Q limit but the opencircuit voltage (V oc ) and fill factor (FF) are still far below the theoretical values. As we know, both V oc and FF relate to charge carrier dynamics including extraction and transport. Therefore, carrier managements including reducing non-radiative carrier recombination (bulk and interface), series or shunt resistance, and improving carrier extraction and transport are critical to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. In addition to high efficiency, the stability issues in perovskite must be solved before commercialization.From the standpoint of architecture of PSCs, the PSCs are essentially a heterojunction device with a multilayer construction, which consists of perovskite light absorption layer, carrier transport layer (CTL), and electrodes. [25,30] As a result, the rational design and modification of heterojunction interfaces have become key strategies to harness the full potential of PSCs. [31][32][33][34][35] A lack of in-depth understanding of the heterojunction interfaces and appropriate interface designs, specifically the buried interfaces under polycrystalline perovskite films, is impeding further advancements in perovskite photovoltaic performance and stability. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] To date, many researches mainly focus on the top surfaces of perovskite. [43][44][45][46][47] However, due to the accumulation of deep-level trap states, it is known that unfavorable non-radiative recombination losses that impede device power outputs exist at the interfaces with bottom contact layers. [41,48] Consequently, it is urgently needed to compromise between these detrimental effects and beneficial effects.However, investigating these issues is more difficult compared with that on the top surfaces of perovskite. There are two kinds of techniques to study the buried interface, which are the in-situ and ex-situ methods. For in-situ method, the sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy which is a nonlinear interface sensitive spectroscopy is applied to study/ analyze the molecular structure information at the buried interface. [49,50] In addition, the photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) excited from the glass side can characterize carrier dynamics behavior of buried interface. [51] For ex-situ strategy, the buried interface will expose with a peeling-off method. Then the common characterization methods can be used to analyze exposed the buried surface of perovskite layer, such as PL, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). [52,53] It is still challenging to find ways to access the buried interfaces to achieve device efficiency limits. [54] Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising thirdgeneration solar cells. They exhibit high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and, in theory, can be manufactured with less energy than several more established photovoltaic technologies, particularly solution-processed PSCs. Various materials have been widely utiliz...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Zuo-ning

Wang

Choy

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

148

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“…Toluene can form a complex with I 2 , with an absorption band at 500 nm (Figure 5h). [ 51 ] A faster release of I 2 from the pristine film can be observed as compared to the target film. These results showed that incorporation of S2 substantially reduced the ion migration and suppressed I 2 formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Network‐Assisted Crystallization for Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Irradiation Stability

Gong

Fan

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Meniscus-coating as a high-throughput preparation process has significant advantages in the manufacture of large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the gradient crystallization during printing significantly affects the vertical uniformity of perovskite films, which greatly affects the carrier transport of perovskite films and the stability of PSCs. Here, a perovskite ink compatible with printing technology is reported to realize uniform printing of perovskite film on a 3D scale. The siloxane 3D network hinders the solute migration caused by capillary force and acts as a skeleton to promote the uniform crystallization of perovskite films. Consequently, the corresponding fully printed PSCs have reduced efficiency loss (from 37.4% to 17.0%). In addition, based on the improvement of crystal quality and reduction of defects in perovskite films, the siloxane-optimized PSCs achieved a championship efficiency of 22.0%, which is one of the highest performance for fully printed devices. The optimized device retains 80% of the initial PCE after 800 h AM 1.5G one-sun illumination, and only decreases 20% after 160 h of ultraviolet light (365 nm, 20 mW cm −2 ) irradiation.

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“…These include xenon arc, [46,47] metal halide, [48] sulfur plasma, [49] tungsten halogen, and combinations of LED lamps. [25,50,51] Among them, only xenon arc and metal halide emit a significant amount of UV irradiation and their emission spectrum can be tuned to match the actual daylight spectral distribution. Based on our survey of the reported long-term stability profiles, most studies using TiO 2 or SnO 2 as ETLs used white LEDs to monitor device stability.…”

Section: Using White Led Lampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Photocatalytic Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Strategies

Chen

Xie

Gao

2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attention due to their ever-increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE), low-cost materials, and easy solution preparation. The certified efficiency of PSCs reached 25.5% [1] based on a lab scale, exceeding the performance of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and CdTe thin-film solar cells and approaching the highest reported value of the mainstream silicon solar cell. [2] The highest-efficiency devices generally use the regular n-i-p structure composed of a perovskite absorber between a metal oxide electron transport layer (MOETL) and an organic hole transport layer (HTL). [1,3] Miyasaka et al. first adopted CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 as light absorbers in liquid electrolyte-based dyesensitized solar cells using a thick TiO 2 layer (%10 μm) as an electron collector. The first PSCs achieved a PCE of 3.8%. [4] After that, tremendous efforts have been made for the PSCs based on TiO 2 . The PSCs included an n-type TiO 2 ETL, a perovskite absorber layer, a p-type 2,2 0 ,7,7 0tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9 0 -spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) HTL, which has been the most typical and successful structure. Grätzel et al. achieved the first certified efficiency of 14.14% based on the aforementioned n-i-p structure with compact TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 )/mesoporous TiO 2 (m-TiO 2 ). [5] In the following years, the performance of the PSCs based on TiO 2 achieved tremendous progress. To remove the organic material in TiO 2 paste and achieve high-quality m-TiO 2 layer, a hightemperature sintering process (>500 C) was generally needed. [6] To avoid high-temperature processing, low-temperature processed SnO 2 was developed. Tian and co-workers adopted SnO 2 thin films attained by spin coating SnO 2 nanoparticles on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) followed by low-temperature annealing at 200 C, and a 13% PCE was achieved. [7] Huge progress of SnO 2 -based PSCs was reported by Fang and co-workers. They adopted thermal decomposition of SnCl 2 •2H 2 O precursor at 180 C in ambient air to form SnO 2 film and achieved 17.21% efficiency. [8] Later on, Hagfeldt et al. used low-temperature chemical bath deposition to grow SnO 2 ETL and obtained almost hysteresis-free PCEs of 20.8%. [9] In 2019, the PCE of the planar SnO 2 PSCs reached a certified efficiency of 23.32%, which first surpassed that of m-TiO 2 PSCs. [10] Therefore, SnO 2 has increasingly attracted great attention as an ETL for PSCs, and it is considered as the most promising alternative to TiO 2 . Up to date, all the world records of the certified PCE were achieved based on TiO 2 or SnO 2 n-i-p conventional structures since the PSCs appeared in 2009 (Figure 1). [1,3,5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Recently, a PCE of 25.8% (certified 25.5%) has been achieved based on Cl-bonded SnO 2 . [1] Thus, the important key to achieve state-of-the-art PSCs is the application of TiO 2 or SnO 2 , due to its excellent electrical properties.

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Nanoscale interfacial engineering enables highly stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics

Abstract: The molecular level interface engineering with a multifunctional ligand 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid suppresses interfacial ion diffusion and inhibits I2 formation, which leads to high operational stability with T80 of 3570 h along with PCE of 23.4%.

Cited by 90 publications

References 59 publications

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

3D Network‐Assisted Crystallization for Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Irradiation Stability

Ultraviolet Photocatalytic Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Strategies

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