Nanoscale Mapping of Electrical Resistivity and Connectivity in Graphene Strips and Networks

Nirmalraj, Peter N.; Lutz, Tarek; Kumar, Sunil; Duesberg, Georg S.; Boland, John J.

doi:10.1021/nl101469d

Cited by 175 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Further, the conductivity decreased rapidly with increasing thickness when the number of graphene layers ranged from 2 to 13, but decreased slowly and thereafter remained constant for layer numbers up to 165. These numerical simulation results were in agreement of the published experimental results [133,134]. More information about the properties of monolayer, bilayer and few-layer graphene can be found in Refs [119,135–139].…”

Section: The Structure Of Graphenesupporting

confidence: 89%

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Gao

Lee

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

533

187

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Monolayer graphene exhibits extraordinary properties owing to the unique, regular arrangement of atoms in it. However, graphene is usually modified for specific applications, which introduces disorder. This article presents details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers. We also discuss topics related to the creation and configuration of disorders in graphene, such as corrugations, topological defects, vacancies, adatoms and sp3-defects. The effects of these disorders on the electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of graphene are analyzed subsequently. Finally, we review previous work on the modulation of structural defects in graphene for specific applications.

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Section: The Structure Of Graphenesupporting

confidence: 89%

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Gao

Lee

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

533

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…performance of graphene networks is due to a combination 45 of low dc conductivity due to resistive inter-fl ake junctions 70 and the high optical conductivity of graphene. 71 In the case of nanotubes, the spread is signifi cantly less, with σ dc,B / σ op values ranging from ∼ 0.1 to ∼ 60.…”

Section: Analysis Of Literature Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of percolation in nanostructured transparent conductors

2011

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“…Liquid-phase-exfoliated graphene (see Supplementary Section 6 for sample preparation) in low-boiling-point solvents was spray-deposited onto spacer-coated Au (111) and placed directly in a liquid cell packed with silicone oil. The single-layer graphene flakes possess well-defined edges with a lateral flake size ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 µm and a characteristic thickness of 0.35-0.5 nm based on in situ STM and intermittent-contact atomic force microscopy 46 (AFM; Methods). The atomic plane of carbon atoms of graphene is evident from the high-resolution constant-current in situ STM image (Fig.…”

Section: Atom-scale Analysis Of Graphene In Silicone Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoelectrical analysis of single molecules and atomic-scale materials at the solid/liquid interface

et al. 2014

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Evaluating the built-in functionality of nanomaterials under practical conditions is central for their proposed integration as active components in next-generation electronics. Low-dimensional materials from single atoms to molecules have been consistently resolved and manipulated under ultrahigh vacuum at low temperatures. At room temperature, atomic-scale imaging has also been performed by probing materials at the solid/liquid interface. We exploit this electrical interface to develop a robust electronic decoupling platform that provides precise information on molecular energy levels recorded using in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy with high spatial and energy resolution in a high-density liquid environment. Our experimental findings, supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations and atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations, reveal direct mapping of single-molecule structure and resonance states at the solid/liquid interface. We further extend this approach to resolve the electronic structure of graphene monolayers at atomic length scales under standard room-temperature operating conditions.T he elemental properties of carbon nanostructures are environment dependent. Interpreting the synergism between electronically active nanomaterials and their local chemical domain is pivotal to both scientific and technological interests. Scanning probe microscopy operated at cryogenic conditions with functionalized metal tips 1,2 in combination with inorganic decoupling platforms 3,4 is a widely adopted technique to examine the intramolecular structure of organic materials. In addition to probing matter under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) operated at the solid/liquid interface 5-11 has previously been demonstrated to record real-time molecular dynamics 7,12-14 , register ultrafast chemical reactions 8,15 , probe the structure of supra-molecular architectures [16][17][18] and chemical-fieldeffect transistors 19 , and perform spectral analysis of molecules 6,13,20 and real-space visualization of biomolecules 5 at room temperature. It would be highly attractive to capitalize on principal findings from these two research disciplines to probe the precise electronic states in liquids and quantitatively describe the functionality of single molecules and two-dimensional nanostructures. The experimental challenge lies in addressing the electrochemical congestion present at the solid/liquid electrical interface at room temperature, which stems from the high mobility of organic molecules on metals, the dynamics of the solvent that serves as a liquid sheath and the detrimental effects of the metallic platform due to mixing of metal bands with discrete molecular electronic states 21 . A potential strategy is to employ nonpolar, highly viscous liquid sheaths with low affinity towards the substrate and to engineer a spacer layer 3,22,23 that electrically disconnects the organic material of interest from metal-induced perturbations. The bottom-up construction of the spac...

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Nanoscale Mapping of Electrical Resistivity and Connectivity in Graphene Strips and Networks

Cited by 175 publications

References 32 publications

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

The effects of percolation in nanostructured transparent conductors

Nanoelectrical analysis of single molecules and atomic-scale materials at the solid/liquid interface

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