Napping between scylla and charybdis of N1 and N3: latency to N2 in a brief afternoon nap can be reduced by binaural beating

Shumov, D. E.; Yakovenko, I. A.; Дорохов, В. Б.; Sveshnikov, Dmitry S.; Yakunina, Elena; Bakaeva, Zarina V.; Vinokurov, Aleksey V.; Putilov, Arcady A.

doi:10.1080/09291016.2019.1587839

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The recruited volunteers denied history of mental or sleep disorder and did not complain about poor physical condition and functioning. Majority of them were familiar with the laboratory environment and experimental napping procedure because they previously participated in a larger nap study [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies of the effects of EMF on sleep architecture provided results that are often inconclusive and/or contradictory. For example, the analysis of epidemiological data on sleep quality collected during 10 years in the area surrounding a short-wave (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) MHz) broadcasting station, revealed a sleep-disturbing response to EMF field exposure, but in poor rather than good sleepers [5]. Since the effects might be mediated by either electro-magnetic radiation at discrete frequencies or by broadband white noise across the ELF spectrum, such epidemiological findings raise questions regarding whether there is a causal link between ELF and reported effects on human sleep (for more details on these discussions the review by Ohayon et al [6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exposure to a Weak Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Daytime Sleep Architecture and Length

et al. 2019

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Background and ObjectiveaaHuman brain appears to be able to absorb, detect, and respond to low-level extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF). Controlled laboratory studies on human sleep under exposure to such fields are scarce. Only sleep-disturbing effects on nighttime sleep were reported for frequencies of 50/60 Hz, while lower frequencies (i.e., below 20 Hz) have not been tested. These frequencies overlap with the frequency range of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal, and sleep researchers utilized the specific frequency patterns (1-15 Hz) for subdivision of the sleep-wake state continuum into wake and sleep stages. In particular, the deepest sleep stage (N3) is characterized by slow-wave EEG activity (1-4 Hz) and serves as an electrophysiological indicator of sleep restorative function. We examined the effects of exposure to a low-level ELF EMF on sleep architecture in afternoon naps. MethodsaaTen polysomnographic sleep characteristics obtained during two naps of 23 healthy volunteers, either with or without exposure to a 1 Hz/0.004 μT electromagnetic field, were compared. ResultsaaThe effect of the 1 Hz/0.004 μT electromagnetic field exposure on amount of stage N3 was not significant despite the overlap of this intervention frequency with the frequency of slow waves. However, the total duration of sleep was significantly increased due to a significant increase of amount of stage N2. Thus, the exposure to an extremely slow (1 Hz) electromagnetic field did not reveal any sleep-disturbing effects. Instead, total duration of sleep increased due to increase of N2 amount. ConclusionsaaA sleep-promoting action of exposure to the low-level 1 Hz electromagnetic field cannot be excluded. Sleep Med Res 2019;10(2):97-102

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%