Nasal Polyps

Abstract

Nasal polyps occur in 1-4% of the population, usually occurring in the setting of an underlying local or systemic disease. The most common associated condition is chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A high prevalence of nasal polyps is also seen in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. In the setting of CRS, nasal polyps are not likely to be cured by either medical or surgical therapy; however, control is generally attainable. The best medical evidence supports the use of intranasal corticosteroids for maintenance therapy and short courses of oral corticosteroids for exacerbations. The evidence for short- and long-term antibiotics is much less robust. For patients with symptomatic nasal polyposis nonresponsive to medical therapies, functional endoscopic sinus surgery provides an adjunctive therapeutic option.

Phenotypic and functional characteristics of IL-21-expressing CD8+ T cells in human nasal polyps

“…Prior evidence 22 , which was based on studies evaluating NP patients from Western countries, demonstrated that NPs was characterized by eosinophil infiltration and excessive Th2 cytokine expression. However, it is now recognized that polyp tissues from Chinese or Korean patients are biased toward neutrophilic inflammation and a significant increase in the Th1/Th17 cell pattern 7 .…”

Diagnostic Application of Lysosomal Exoglycosidases

“…Nasal polyps are grape-shaped smooth structures, arising from the inflammatory nasal mucous membrane. Nasal polyps bulge to interior of the nose, restricting nasal patency [71]. There are different pathogenesis theories of nasal polyps, however, none was satisfactorily confirmed, and the lack of understanding nasal polyp pathogenesis impedes therapy.…”

Orphan diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses: Pathogenesis – clinic – therapy

“…Since then, 20 other studies followed. Various challenges for this causal therapy remain unresolved and are subject of intense research (optimal gene transfer via the (modified) mucosal barrier, definition of the target cell, optimal gene expression rate, definition of meaningful outcome parameters) [ 132 ], [ 133 ], [ 134 ], [ 135 ], [ 136 ], [ 137 ], [ 138 ], [ 139 ], [ 140 ], [ 141 ], [ 142 ], [ 143 ].…”