Nasionalisme dan kelas sosial: Ideologi dan praktik partai nasionalis di Indonesia

Abstract

This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power including exploitation of natural resource and placement of population as cheap labor. This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power, including exploitation of natural resource and placement of human resources as cheaper labor. Although many studies about Indonesian nationalism were conducted previously, but generally the study of nationalism in relation to the poor people class in Indonesia are not the main focus of the study.This article using qualitative research method. In order to compare different phenomena in various periods, this article uses historical comparative research method. There were five levels in historical comparative research. First, is conceptualizing the object of inquiry. Second is locating the evidence. Third is evaluating quality of evidence. Fourth is organizing evidence. Fifth is syntesizing. An open interviewed was conducted with stakeholders whose directly involved in many cases within several political party bodies such as Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI). Data was analyzed by social, cultural, and political interpretation. It can be concluded tht in national politic constellation, the phenomena of poor class produce a defense term for their group, known as 'marhaen' and 'wong cilik'. Nevertheless, nationalism practice in Indonesia as represented by PNI, PDI, dan PDI Perjuangan, have not yet succedeed to freed poor people from social aleniation in political power contestation, the ownership of capital, or in relations between state and government. This nation still struggled to build competitive political and economical power in order to reate a social transformation.

Institusionalisasi Dan Ketahanan Partai Dalam Demokrasi Elektoral Indonesia:

“…Pada masa itu PDI dan PPP hanya menjadi ornamen demokrasi dengan jaringan struktural dari kepengurusan pusat sampai dengan tingkat kelurahan/desa yang rapuh. Jaringan yang ada masih belum meluas ke kelompok-kelompok masyarakat (Kaligis, 2014). Keterbatasan itu mempengaruhi pola rekrutmen partai untuk melahirkan kader partai yang menjadi faktor melemahkan kinerja partai dalam menanamkan ideologi.…”

Pembaharuan Sanksi Tindakan Kebiri Kimia Terhadap Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Oleh Paedofil

“…Hal lainnya menyebutkan bahwa rehabilitasi adalah usaha untuk memulihkan untuk menjadikan seorang pecandu obat hidup sehat jasmani dan rohaniah dapat menyesuaikan dan meningkatkan kembali ketrampilan, pengetahuannya, serta kepandaiannya dalam lingkungan hidup (O.C. Kaligis 2002). Hal ini lah yang kemudian menjadi penekanan pembaharuan sanksi terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak oleh paedofil.…”