Nasopharyngeal carriage ofHaemophilus influenzae

Abstract

Multidrug resistant nasopharyngeal H. influenzae in young healthy children may act as reservoir. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance among nasopharyngeal H. influenzae as a surrogate for invasive H. influenzae seems an attractive option.

High Rates of Colonization with Drug Resistant Hemophilus Influenzae Type B and Streptococccus Pneumoniae in Unvaccinated HIV Infected Children from West Bengal

“…Population based studies of healthy children in India report asymptomatic carriage rates for Hib of 8% and recent data from West Bengal report rates of 6% in unvaccinated healthy children [15][16][17]. The prevalence of Hib colonization in this cohort was 13%.…”

High nasopharyngeal carriage of drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in North Indian schoolchildren

“…Numerous reports from different parts of the world describe the carriage rate to range between 3.5-77% for S. pneumoniae and 11.6-76% for H. influenzae (Arnold et al 1996;Chiou et al 1998;Principi et al 1999;Parry et al 2000;Talon et al 2000;Uraz et al 2000;Das et al 2002). In general, high carriage rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were detected in winter and during rainfall, in children under 2 years of age and in children of low socioeconomic status (Talon et al 2000).…”

“…No macrolide resistant H. influenzae isolates were reported from the UK, Germany, France and Italy (0%, Sahm et al 2000). Das et al (2002) reported 95.4% of H. influenzae isolates as erythromycin resistant. The highest prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistant H. influenzae is reported from India (30-80%) (IBIS study 1999;Nag et al 2001;Das et al 2002).…”

“…Das et al (2002) reported 95.4% of H. influenzae isolates as erythromycin resistant. The highest prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistant H. influenzae is reported from India (30-80%) (IBIS study 1999;Nag et al 2001;Das et al 2002). Other parts of the world reported low isolation rates of co-trimoxazole resistant H. influenzae; 20-50% from other Asian countries (Hsueh et al 2000;Sahm et al 2000;Gü r et al 2002) and <20% in USA and European countries (Doern et al 1997(Doern et al , 1998Jones et al 2000;Sahm et al 2000;Talon et al 2000).…”

High nasopharyngeal carriage of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in north Indian school-going children

“…Hence, the monitoring of nasopharyngeal H. infl uenzae as a surrogate marker for invasive and locally invasive H. infl uenzae seems an attractive option. 3 The present study was planned to (i) detect the carriage of BLNAR in nasopharynx of normal healthy school-going children, (ii) test the level of ampicillin resistance, and (iii) study the correlation of ampicillin resistance with resistance to other antimicrobials. In order to answer the pathogenic potential of H. infl uenzae, frequency of serotype b and biotypes I, II, and III among BLNAR H. infl uenzae was also estimated.…”