National laws and policies can enable or confound adaptive governance: Examples from South African national parks

The effect of regional factors in the development of eco‐innovations in the firm

“…In reference to Hypothesis 2b, the analysis confirms that per capita income in the region has a positive effect (ß = 5.307E‐5; p < .01) in the development of eco‐innovation in the firm. This finding is in line with the results emerging in the environment innovation literature that has consistently found that the greater the per capita income, the greater the environmental concern, and the higher the valuation of products with a big intangible component (Novellie et al, ; Porter & Stern, ).…”

“…In fact, regional institutions, through economic incentives, have been a mechanism used for the development of innovation in the regions (Fritsch, 2002). Moreover, economic instruments (e.g., tax deductions for companies, public financing, taxation, and subsidies or aid that encourage ecoinnovation) have been considered a pull regulation factor of ecoinnovation (e.g., Koontz, Gupta, Mudliar, & Ranjan, 2015;Novellie et al, 2016). Therefore, it is expected that greater institutional proximity, embodied in economic mechanisms, facilitate the development of eco-innovation in the region.…”

Innovation as a driver of eco‐innovation in the firm: An approach from the dynamic capabilities theory

“…Recent literature has investigated the explanatory variables for eco‐innovation drivers (Costantini, Crespi, & Palma, ; Dangelico, Pujari, & Pontrandolfo, ; Del Río, Peñasco, & Romero‐Jordán, ; Horbach, Rammer, & Rennings, ; Novellie, Biggs, & Roux, ; Triguero, Mondéjar, & Davia, ; Zubeltzu‐Jaka, Erauskin‐Tolosa, & Heras‐Saizarbitoria, ). Demirel and Kesidou () recognise that there is a consensus in this literature regarding regulation, technology push, and market pull as drivers of eco‐innovation, whereas in contrast, there is a lack of agreement on the role firms' capabilities play in fostering eco‐innovation.…”

The relationship between adaptive management of social-ecological systems and law: a systematic review

“…Selected definitions provided by publications included in this systematic review are presented in Table 2. Adaptive management is a framework designed for managing complex and dynamic socialecological systems (Thrower 2006, Garmestani et al 2008, Craig 2010b, Novellie et al 2016, Ruhl 2016, in which decision making follows a structured and iterative process (Raadgever et al 2008, Benson and Garmestani 2011, Craig and Ruhl 2014, Green et al 2015, Fischman and Ruhl 2016, Ruhl 2016) aiming to reduce uncertainties over time (Schultz 2008, Benson and Garmestani 2011, Craig and Ruhl 2014, Garmestani 2014, Green et al 2015, Fischman and Ruhl 2016, Fuentes et al 2016 through monitoring and evaluation of management actions (Angelo 2006, Thrower 2006, Benson and Garmestani 2011, Craig and Ruhl 2014, Garmestani 2014, Butler et al 2015, Green et al 2015, Chaffin et al 2016, Fischman and Ruhl 2016, Wiafe 2016. The approach is intended to facilitate learning from management outcomes and, consequently, about the social-ecological systems being managed (Garmestani et al 2008, Spies et al 2010, Cosens 2013, Pratt Miles 2013, Chaffin et al 2016, Fischman and Ruhl 2016, Fuentes et al 2016…”

“…Additionally, detailed monitoring protocols must be produced, describing how the effectiveness of actions and the progress toward defined objectives and goals will be assessed , Borgström 2015, Johnson et al 2016. Monitoring is considered essential and at the core of adaptive management (Jones 2007, Green and Garmestani 2012, Bjorkland 2013, Butler et al 2015, Novellie et al 2016).…”