Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Drug Carriers for Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins

Abstract

In order to cure and treat health-related disorders, therapeutic substance must reach its target site with a constant concentration over a long period of time. As oral administration is limited due to enzymatic degradation, most of the commercially available therapeutic proteins are usually being administered parenterally. However, because of their short biological half-life, daily multiple injections are required to maintain effective therapeutic levels of these drug candidates. To limit this drawback, a variety of polymers are being used to increase systemic bioavailability of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Development of protein-based therapeutic substances has tremendously increased the need for suitable polymeric-based carrier systems, guaranteeing safe and sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins to their target site. Here, we have briefly discussed two major types of polymers including natural and synthetic polymers that have been intensively studied for efficient delivery of various proteinous drugs. A wide variety of natural and/or synthetic polymers have been found to be useful and safe drug carrier systems for the delivery of therapeutic proteins which have been discussed over here in detail. To conclude, these polymers have been

Conjugation of pectin biopolymer with Au‐nanoparticles as a drug delivery system: Experimental and DFT studies

“…Previous studies have proved that functionalized GNPs have higher stability, longer drug half‐life, acceptable biological compatibility, etc . Regarding these advantages, many research studies have been carried out to find various types of synthetic and natural polymers to be utilized in order to functionalize the surface of these NPs in order to achieve better results in the delivery field …”

Development of therapeutic proteins: advances and challenges

“…Several strategies are being used to prevent the degradation of therapeutic proteins. The most common one is the encapsulation of therapeutic proteins with inert and biocompatible polymers (Akash et al, , 2015a(Akash et al, , 2015b. Protein degradation can also be prevented by co-administration of enzyme inhibitors with therapeutic proteins.…”

“…Like protein aggregation, the oxidation of therapeutic proteins can result in an alteration of the structure of these proteins, which may further lead to modifications in their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (Torosantucci et al, 2011(Torosantucci et al, , 2012. These factors are controlled by adopting suitable and appropriate formulations and protein carrier particulate systems (Akash et al, 2015a(Akash et al, , 2015b. Most of the therapeutic proteins are temperature-and pHsensitive and they are rapidly degraded when given orally.…”

“…Several strategies are being applied to increase the stability of therapeutic proteins (Akash et al, 2015a(Akash et al, , 2015b. The first approach is to alter the amino acid sequences in the protein structure (Strickler et al, 2006;Lawrence et al, 2007).…”

A Review on Recent Advances in Stabilizing Peptides/Proteins upon Fabrication in Hydrogels from Biodegradable Polymers

“…However, the stability of these proteins is considered to be the major downside in making ideal clinical candidates [46].Therapeutic proteins usually aggregate when they are stored under high exaggerated conditions [47].Owing to this aggregation the therapeutical proteins display immune reactions and also decrease their overall activity [48].For this purpose, various strategies are applied to enhance the stability of therapeutic proteins [49].Among this first strategy is to change the amino acid sequences of the chain [50]. The second approach is the optimization of the formulation of therapeutical proteins [51].Thermosensitive polymers are considered to have a positive effect on the stability of therapeutic proteins.…”