Natural gas trade network of countries and regions along the belt and road: Where to go in the future?

Li, Jiaman; Dong, Xiucheng; Jiang, Qi; Dong, Kangyin; Liu, Guixian

doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101981

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…On the other hand, high-level human capital with good environmental awareness [ 50 ] will increase the consumption proportion of environmentally friendly, green, and low-pollution consumer goods that are conducive to green growth. In addition, consumption structure upgrade will also force the production sector to improve and iterate products [ 6 , 49 , 51 ], which is conducive to producing more environmentally friendly products [ 52 ]. Therefore, human capital at this stage will positively promote green economy development.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of green growth was first proposed in the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) in 2005. Green growth emphasizes that, when reducing poverty and improving human well-being through economic growth, countries should focus on transforming economic growth and consumption patterns, improving the ecological efficiency of economic growth, and coordinating environmental and economic development [ 6 ], so as to achieve sustainable development goals. The concept of green growth takes green economy, low-carbon economy, and circular economy as the main economic forms [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Human Capital Matter for China’s Green Growth?—Examination Based on Econometric Model and Machine Learning Methods

Liu

Cao

Fan

2022

IJERPH

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To tackle the increasingly severe environmental challenges, including climate change, we should pay more attention to green growth (GG), a path to realize sustainability. Human capital (HC) has been considered a crucial driving factor for developing countries to move towards GG, but the impact and mechanisms for emerging economies to achieve GG need to be further discussed. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates the relation between HC and GG in theory and demonstration perspective. It constructs a systematic theoretical framework for their relationship. Then, it uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on the non-radial direction distance function (NDDF) to measure the GG performance of China’s 281 prefecture level cities from 2011 to 2019. Ultimately, it empirically tests the hypothesis by using econometric model and LightGBM machine learning (ML) algorithm. The empirical results indicate that: (1) There is a U-shaped relationship between China’s HC and GG. Green innovation and industrial upgrading are transmission channels in the process of HC affecting GG. (2) Given other factors affecting GG, HC and economic growth contribute equally to GG (17%), second only to city size (21%). (3) China’s HC’s impact on GG is regionally imbalanced and has city size heterogeneity.

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Human Capital Matter for China’s Green Growth?—Examination Based on Econometric Model and Machine Learning Methods

Liu

Cao

Fan

2022

IJERPH

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“…For the BRI regions, Zhao et al (2019) depicted the oil trade network in the region via complex network analysis, and established interdependence relationships between China and the BRI countries [6]. adopted complex network analysis to explore the evolution of the natural gas trade in the BRI region, and concluded that trade links were deepening among BRI countries [38]. Feng et al (2020) applied a similar method to depict the trade competitive advantage networks among the BRI countries, and indicated that Turkey and Russia had the largest trade competitive advantages, whereas China functioned as the most important intermediation [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Network Embodied in Trade along the Belt and Road: Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors

Xue

Yan

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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As an important part of trade in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) area, significant research attention has been devoted to direct energy transfer, whereas studies on energy embodied in non-energy products have largely been neglected. To present an overview of energy trade for the BRI members, this study combined multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis with complex network analysis to model energy use flows within the BRI’s intermediate and final trade network during 2000–2015. Results showed that intermediate energy trade volume is about 7.29-fold larger than that of final trade. Russia and Mainland China were found to be the main net exporter and net importer in intermediate energy trade, respectively, but in final energy trade their roles are reversed. In intermediate energy trade, resource exploitation and heavy industry are the leading intermediate exporter and importer respectively, whereas household consumption is the largest importer (accounting for about three-fifths of the total) in final energy trade. Based on the complex network analysis, the BRI countries were found to trade widely in the final network while cooperating deeply in the intermediate network, with obvious small-world features. Mainland China and Russia were identified as key economies in both intermediate and final trade networks. In addition, quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) analysis was adopted to explore the determinants of the BRI energy trade from 2000 to 2015. It was found that geographic distance, land adjacency, and culture and language have a consistently significant impact on intermediate trade. Closer geographic distance, being adjacent to land, a higher level of economic development, and a larger size of population can promote final trade. This study aimed to supplement existing studies on direct energy trade and provides implications for understanding the sustainable energy development in the BRI area.

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“…For instance, research on energy trade networks with petroleum trade data of countries along BRI analysed the characteristics and evolution pattern applying social network analysis (Zhang et al, 2020). Also, Li et al (2021) forecasted the future performances of BRI area's natural gas trade pattern from a panoramic perspective up to the year 2030. And the results indicate that LNG trade along BRI develops rapidly, while the development of PNG trade is relatively stable.…”

Section: Research On Energy Trade Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of structural resilience of global oil and gas resources trade network

et al. 2022

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This paper establishes anetwork resilience evaluation framework of the global oil and gas resourcetrade network in 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results are as follows: The links of the oil trade network present a gradually shrinking trend, and the gas tradenetwork presents a trend of close connection first and then reduced. In termsof network density, network centrality, network connectivity and network size, the structural resilience of the oil and gas resource trade network displays ashrinking trend, and the gas trade network is superior. Concerninginvulnerability and recovery, the resilience of the oil trade network issuperior to the natural gas trade network. In simulated attacks, the oil tradenetwork reveals a higher resilience towards intentional attacks, and the gastrade network shows a higher resilience towards random attacks. The Strait ofHormuz and the Strait of Malacca are critical chokepoints in the networks.

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Natural gas trade network of countries and regions along the belt and road: Where to go in the future?

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

Does Human Capital Matter for China’s Green Growth?—Examination Based on Econometric Model and Machine Learning Methods

Does Human Capital Matter for China’s Green Growth?—Examination Based on Econometric Model and Machine Learning Methods

Energy Network Embodied in Trade along the Belt and Road: Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors

The evolution of structural resilience of global oil and gas resources trade network

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