Australia's community-based NRM (CBNRM) system is underpinned by cohesive policy, program and delivery arrangements. It uses suasive, non-regulatory approaches to achieve outcomes at the landscape scale. Dale et al. (2017) and Curtis et al. (2014) reviewed the origins and health of the nation's CBNRM system. They find that while these systems originated via state government efforts in soil conservation and catchment management, Commonwealth efforts began with the