Nature and geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids in the Zhaoxian gold deposit, Jiaodong gold province, eastern China

Li, Zhi; Mao, Guangzhou; Liu, Caijie; Liu, Xiaotong; An, Pengrui; Cao, Mingping

doi:10.3389/feart.2022.1085398

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Previous studies have focused on the geological characteristics, mineral assemblage, and hydrothermal alteration of the deposit [13,14]; in addition, there have been certain studies conducted on the fluid geochemistry, mineralogy, chronology, gold occurrence regularity of gold, etc. [15][16][17][18]. Based on the distribution of ore-forming elements and hydrothermal veins, it is proposed that deep ore-forming fluids migrate and deposit sequentially along intrusive breccia bodies, interlayer fractures, and steep microfractures [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Fluid–Mineralization System of Jiadi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou, China

et al. 2023

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The Jiadi gold deposit, situated in the Southwestern region of Guizhou, is a large-scale, recently discovered, basalt-hosted, and fine-grained disseminated gold deposit. This study has unveiled that the tectonic deformation of the Jiadi gold deposit can be categorized into four stages: the Late Paleozoic crustal uplift and brittle deformation (D1-deformation) stage; the Early Yanshanian NW-trending compressive ductile deformation (D2-deformation) stage; the Late Yanshanian NS-trending strike-slip fault (D3-deformation) stage; and the Himalayan EW-trending nappe structure (D4-deformation) stage. The outcomes of the C-O isotope analysis revealed that the fluid responsible for ore formation exhibits the attributes of magmatic water blended with meteoric water, and the metallogenic constituents primarily originate from a deep source. The formation of the Jiadi gold deposit occurred during the D2-deformation stage and extended to the D3-deformation stage. The D2-deformation stage induced hydrothermal activity and rock devolatilization, leading to the generation of CO2-rich and low-salinity fluids. The D3-deformation stage, which is intimately associated with mineralization, can be classified into three stages: the pyrite stage; the smoky quartz stage; and the sulfide stage. The findings obtained from laser Raman spectroscopy indicate that the inclusions typically comprise CO2, CH4, N2, and SO2. These deep fluids ascended along the fault to the interlayer fracture zone during the D3-deformation stage. The alteration of the geochemical environment was accompanied by fluid immiscibility or boiling, resulting in the rapid precipitation of metallogenic materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Fluid–Mineralization System of Jiadi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou, China

et al. 2023

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A crucial mineralization process and gold source in the Zhaoxian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Evidence from pyrite and sphalerite trace element and sulfur isotopic compositions

Fan,

Lü,

Liu

et al. 2024

Ore Geology Reviews

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Characterization of deep ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit within the Jiaodong gold province: insights from quartz vein fluid inclusion, in-situ trace element analysis, and S isotopic composition in pyrite

Zhang,

Zeng,

Fan

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Jiaodong gold province, situated in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton, is globally renowned for its substantial gold reserves exceeding 5,000 tonnes. The Zhaoxian gold deposit is part of the significant Jiaojia gold belt within the Jiaodong gold province. Fieldwork has identified four distinct stages of ore formation in this study: an early barren quartz vein stage (Stage 1) containing fine-grained pyrite; a gold-bearing stage (Stage 2) consisting of quartz, pyrite, and native gold; a polymetallic sulfide-rich stage (Stage 3) comprising quartz, polymetallic sulfides, and native gold; and a late-stage (Stage 4) primarily composed of quartz and calcite with minimal pyrite content. We conducted fluid inclusion analysis using microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy techniques to examine the fluid characteristics. In-situ analysis of trace elements in pyrite was performed to investigate the fluid composition and evolution. Additionally, we determined the sulfur isotope composition in pyrite to analyze the source of sulfur. Our findings indicate that the ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit belongs to a medium-to-low-salinity H₂O-NaCl-CO₂-CH₄ system. Fluctuations in Au and As concentrations observed along with oscillating zones and sulfide inclusions during Stage 2 suggest potential fluid boiling processes occurring during mineralization. High concentrations of Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Pb, and Bi without oscillating zones during Stage 3 imply precipitation of polymetallic sulfides under stable fluid conditions. The δ34S values observed in the Zhaoxian gold deposit are slightly higher than those found in granitoids from other areas within Jiaodong but similar to those seen in other deposits within the Jiaojia gold belt region. In conclusion, magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming fluids were involved along with significant fluid-rock interaction during metallogenic processes of the Zhaoxian gold deposit.

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Nature and geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids in the Zhaoxian gold deposit, Jiaodong gold province, eastern China

Abstract: Photomicrographs of ores and altered rocks from the different metallogenic stages at Zhaoxian: (A) and (B) Pyrite-quartz-K-feldspar stage; (C) and (D) Pyrite-quartz-sericite stage; (E,F) and (G) Polymetallic sulfide-quartz stage; (H) and (I) Quartz-calcite stage.

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Structure–Fluid–Mineralization System of Jiadi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou, China

Structure–Fluid–Mineralization System of Jiadi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou, China

A crucial mineralization process and gold source in the Zhaoxian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Evidence from pyrite and sphalerite trace element and sulfur isotopic compositions

Characterization of deep ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit within the Jiaodong gold province: insights from quartz vein fluid inclusion, in-situ trace element analysis, and S isotopic composition in pyrite

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