NdSr isotopes, petrochemistry, and origin of the Siberian flood basalts, USSR

Sharma, Mukul; Basu, Asish R.; Nesterenko, G. V.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90177-7

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This phenomenon is comparable to that in the Siberian Traps, where most of the flood basalts have lower 143 Nd/ 144 Nd and higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values than the high-MgO Maymecha-Kotuy samples (Lightfoot et al, 1990;Sharma et al, 1991;Wooden et al, 1993). The isotopic range of the Maymecha-Kotuy samples overlaps the isotopic variation seen in intraplate OIB.…”

Section: Magma Evolution and Comparison With Other Large Igneous Provsupporting

confidence: 79%

Hf isotopic characteristics of the Tarim Permian large igneous province rocks of NW China: Implication for the magmatic source and evolution

Chen

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Section: Magma Evolution and Comparison With Other Large Igneous Provsupporting

confidence: 79%

Hf isotopic characteristics of the Tarim Permian large igneous province rocks of NW China: Implication for the magmatic source and evolution

Chen

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…In addition, several papers on the geochemical characteristics of flood basalts have been published recently (Keweenawan: Paces & Bell 1989;Nicholson & Shirey 1990;Klewin & Berg 1991;Siberian: Lightfoot^ al. 1990b;Sharma et al 1991;Karoo: Ellam & Cox 1989Tasmanian: Hergt et al 1989b;Transantarctic: Hergt et al 1989a;Parana: Hawkesworth et al 1988;Peateera/. 1990;Deccan: Lightfoot & Hawkesworth 1988;Lightfoot et al 1990a;Western Pacific Oceanic Plateaus: Mahoney 1987;Castillo et al 1991;Spencer & Mahoney 1991;Ethiopian: Hart et al 1989).…”

Section: Geochemical Information On Magma Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Physical and chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt volcanism

Carlson

1991

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

130

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“…The intruding melt cools and crystallizes to dense eclogite. It also strongly heats and weakens the lithosphere, promoting Raleigh-Taylor instabilities 8 . The lower part founders, and the base of the lithosphere is mechanically eroded (Fig.…”

Section: Linking Mantle Plumes Large Igneous Provinces and Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes

Sobolev

Kuzmin

et al. 2011

Nature

529

307

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Petrological studies of Siberian Traps and associated alkaline rocks reveal high temperatures (1600-1650 o C) 14,17 in their mantle sources. Olivine compositions in samples from lower units of the Norilsk lava section provide evidence that the mantle source of the Siberian Traps was unusually rich in ancient recycled oceanic crust 14 in agreement with earlier predictions 10 . For the main volcanic phase, however, such data were unavailable. Here we report 2500 new olivine analyses and host-rock compositions for 45 basalts covering the main stages of 3 tholeiitic magmatism in three key localities: the Norilsk area, the Putorana plateau and the Maymecha-Kotuy province (Fig. 1). Almost all olivine compositions possess significantly higher NiO and FeO/MnO than expected for olivine in peridotite-derived magmas (Fig.1b,c supplementary Fig. S1), suggesting a contribution of melts from pyroxenitic sources 18 . Alternative explanations of these observations seem less plausible (see Methods for discussion). Our interpretation of the olivine compositions implies that the source of the Siberian Traps contained 10-20 wt.% recycled oceanic crust (Methods). More specifically, all lavas erupted during the first stage of magmatic activity (Gudchikhinskaya and earlier suits of the Norilsk area) are depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) 19,20 indicating residual garnet and derivation within or below the base of thick lithosphere (>130 km) 14 . The source of Gudchikhinskaya lavas was likely almost entirely pyroxenitic 14 (Fig. 1b,c,d).Younger magmas are not depleted in HREE indicating formation at shallow depths and dramatic thinning of the lithosphere. Our calculation suggests that these magmas had a near-constant proportion of pyroxenite-derived melt of about 50% (Fig. 1d, table S1 in Supplementary Information) and were strongly contaminated by the continental crust 20 . Because the main Norilsk section spans less than 1 m.y. 1 , it is likely that the lithosphere was thinned in only a few hundred thousand years.High mantle temperatures over a vast area (Fig.1a) are consistent with the head of a hot mantle plume 6,9,17 . Based on the petrological constraints we develop a thermomechanical model of the interaction of the plume and lithosphere (see Methods). We assume that the plume arrived below the lithosphere at about 253 Ma (model time 0), perhaps near the northern border of the Siberian Shield, where the hottest melts (meimechites) erupted 17 . We further assume that the plume head was hot (Tp=1600°C, 250°C excess temperature) and contained a high content (15 wt.%.) of recycled oceanic crust. In our two-dimensional model, we approximate the plume head by a half-circle of 400 km radius located below cratonic lithosphere of variable thickness corresponding to the margin of the The arrival of a large and hot mantle plume head at the base of the lithosphere has been predicted 6,21 to cause about 0.8-1 km of broad surface uplift per 100°C of plume excess temperature. For a purely thermal plume with an excess temperature of 25...

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NdSr isotopes, petrochemistry, and origin of the Siberian flood basalts, USSR

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Hf isotopic characteristics of the Tarim Permian large igneous province rocks of NW China: Implication for the magmatic source and evolution

Hf isotopic characteristics of the Tarim Permian large igneous province rocks of NW China: Implication for the magmatic source and evolution

Physical and chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt volcanism

Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes

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