2012
DOI: 10.3390/nano2020092
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Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for in Vivo Optical Imaging

Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes offer advantages of high photon penetration, reduced light scattering and minimal autofluorescence from living tissues, rendering them valuable for noninvasive mapping of molecular events, assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring of disease progression in animal models. This review provides an overview of the recent development of the design and optical property of the different classes of NIR fluorescent nanoprobes associated with in vivo … Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(65 citation statements)
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References 139 publications
(152 reference statements)
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“…Interestingly, the use of http nanoparticles as carrier systems for NIRF-emitting dyes was shown to improve their admission, prolong their circulation time in the body, intensify their fluorescence and improve their photostability [22][23][24].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, the use of http nanoparticles as carrier systems for NIRF-emitting dyes was shown to improve their admission, prolong their circulation time in the body, intensify their fluorescence and improve their photostability [22][23][24].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[30][31][32] An additional advantage of RE-NPs is that they can be used for high resolution fluorescence bioimaging by using CW laser sources; much simpler and affordable that the short pulse lasers required for traditional fluorescence probes used in multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. 33 In addition, the RE-NPs display, in some cases, the additional ability of chemical and thermal luminescence sensing. 32,34 This last feature is of special relevance, since it could be used for thermal monitoring and, hence, for real time controlled photo-thermal therapies.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…17 In particular, the applicability in the second biological window (II-BW) opens up the possibility of not only deep tissue imaging but also of high contrast, autofluorescence free in vivo fluorescence thermal sensing, as it has already been demonstrated in imaging applications. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] As an additional requirement, the multifunctional NPs to be used should operate under infrared radiation single beam excitation at wavelength avoiding any non-selective cellular damage. Recent studies dealing with the heating effects and the light-induced cytotoxicity during in vitro imaging experiments have pointed out 808 nm as an optimal excitation wavelength, since it simultaneously minimizes both the laser-induced thermal loading of the tissue and the intracellular photochemical damage.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%