Near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal properties and photostability

Physical vapour deposition of cyanine salts and their first application in organic electronic devices

“…17,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] While neutral organic semiconductors can be easily evaporated mainly due to the weak intermolecular van der Waals forces, ionic organic functional materials such as cyanine dyes suffer from strong Coulomb interactions which results in high melting points and decomposition at ambient temperatures. 40,41 Heteroatoms in the polymethine chain or in aromatic moieties as well as high molecular weight of the cyanine salts and counterions with localised charge induce additional decomposition pathways when thermal stress is applied. 24 These drawbacks prevented successful implementation of physical vapour deposition techniques in cyanine dye based semiconductor research.…”

Novel synthetized near infrared cyanine dyes as sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cells based on nano-TiO2

“…Therefore, the synthesis of new heptamethine cyanine dyes that show no absorption in the visible region is still required before they can be more widely used in material and biomedical applications. Heptamethine dyes are a subclass of chemical compounds within the cyanine dye family and have many uses as fluorescent dyes (Shershov et al, 2013).…”

Spectra, stability and labeling of 1‐(5‐carboxypentyl)‐4‐(2‐(N‐ethyl‐carbazole‐3‐yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift

“…Fluorescent marker technology involves a fluorescent compound being combined with a labeled object by a physical or chemical reaction to form a complex. Fluorescent probes, together with advanced optical methods, have many applications in the biomedical sciences .…”