Near‐Infrared‐Light Remote‐Controlled Activation of Cancer Immunotherapy Using Photothermal Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Abstract

Scheme 1. Illustration of the remote control cancer immunotherapy mediated by photothermal conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs).

Conjugated Polymers for Gene Delivery and Photothermal Gene Expression

“…Reproduced with permission. [89] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. d) Gene delivery and NIR light-activated tumor therapy for GDEPT/PTT.…”

“…NIR‐photothermal activation of CPNs‐Tat upregulated the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid in HeLa cells by virtue of the HSP70 promoter. To combine thermal‐genetics with immunotherapy to treat tumors, our group designed a plasmid for HSP70‐promoter induced interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) expression (Figure 5c) [89] . IFN‐γ polarized macrophages to M1 phenotype in turn killed plasmid‐expressing 4T1 cells under the irradiation of NIR light.…”

“…c) Photothermal activation of immune cells for cancer therapy. Reproduced with permission [89] . Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH.…”

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal/thermodynamic combination therapy

“…25–27 To endow SPs with good biocompatibility, amphiphilic copolymers are commonly utilized to encapsulate them to give water-soluble semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs). 28,29 Until now, SPNs with a variety of structures have been applied for different optical-based bioimaging applications, such as fluorescence, 30 photoacoustic 31,32 and afterglow imaging. 33,34 Furthermore, SPNs have been applied for phototherapy-based applications, including photo-immunotherapy and photoactivatable drug delivery.…”

NIR and Reduction Dual-Sensitive Polymeric Prodrug Nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Combined Chemo-Phototherapy

“…Thus, combined chemo-phototherapy is a satisfactory approach to circumvent the above problems and achieve effective treatment of cancers. Consequently, various types of nanocarriers, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles [16,17], metal nanoparticles [18][19][20], molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanomaterials [21][22][23], polydopamine nanoparticles [24][25][26][27] and selfassembled polymeric nanoparticles [28,29], were used to integrate chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizer (PS) or photothermal agents into one multifunctional system for chemophototherapy. Notably, polymeric nanoparticles as delivery systems are very attractive, especially owing to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, versatility and capability of sustained release, which are crucial features for improving the pharmokinetics of guest cargos and minimizing the negative side effects [30].…”