Near‐Infrared Light Triggered H₂ Generation for Enhanced Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor

Abstract

The principle of photochemical transformation has shown significant inspiration on phototherapy of solid tumors. However, both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) can induce stress response of tumor cells, which draw the attention in recent. Herein, an asymmetric and lollipop like nanostructure consisting of gold nanorod/titanium dioxide (l-TiO 2 -GNR) is developed by controlling single head growth of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on gold nanorods (GNR). Through the reasonable utilization of hot electrons of GNR by 808 nm light irradiation, l-TiO 2 -GNR perform type I-PDT, mild PTT (48 °C), and H 2 therapy which is efficient for hypoxic tumors. In particular, H 2 can downregulate both triphosadenine and heat shock protein which are found to be main source of tumor stress response. l-TiO 2 -GNR opens a new window for treatment of hypoxic tumor by the perfect synergy of type I-PDT, mild PTT, and H 2 therapy.

Piezoelectric Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Sonosensitizer for Enhanced Nanozyme Catalytic and Sonodynamic Therapies

“…In this treatment, the sonic waves and the produced cavitation induces physical deformation on the piezoelectric materials, changing the piezoelectric signal at the site. Herein, the piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) is a measure of the conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electricity (chemical energy). − However, the low piezoelectric constant and fast charge recombination in most piezoelectric materials necessitate the use of US with higher power and/or lower frequency than those of medical US, compromising the biosafety of the method. − …”

Plasmon-enhanced nano-photosensitizers: game-changers in photodynamic therapy of cancers

“…Afterward, ROS are produced in the cytoplasm when the developing holes attempt to exchange electrons with the cell environment. Ge and co-workers 104 developed a lollipop-like nanostructure, including gold nanorod/titanium dioxide (l-TiO 2 -GNR). This was achieved by controlling single-head growth of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on gold nanorods which was carried out by utilizing many hot electrons of GNR in the l-TiO 2 -GNR NPs by 808 nm light irradiation.…”

Research Progress of Nanomedicine-Based Mild Photothermal Therapy in Tumor

“…Different from the previous example, Ge group took advantage of the hot electron transfer property to produce H 2 in TME to damage mitochondria instead of carrying gas from the outside, thus reducing the expression of HSPs ( Figure 4a ). 61 The developed gold nanorod/titanium dioxide lollipop-like nanoparticle(L-TiO 2 -GNR) could generate abundant hot electrons on the GNRs under irradiation at 808nm. On the one hand, some of the electrons generated on the GNRs were able to raise local temperature to 48°C to produce mPTT effect on tumors ( Figure 4b ).…”

“…© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. 61 ( c ) Schematic illustrating the synthesis of PP-NG and its working mechanisms in combination therapy. ( d ) Western blot analysis of HSP70 and Caspase-3 after the indicated treatments.…”