Need for a traceable efficiency determination method of nacelles performed on test benches

Weidinger, Paula; Dubowik, Alexander; Lehrmann, Christian; Yogal, Nijan; Kumme, Rolf; Zweiffel, M.; Eich, Norbert; Mester, Christian; Zhang, Hongkun

doi:10.1016/j.measen.2021.100159

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The signal averaging as explained in Sect. 4.1.3 happens at stable working conditions after a dwelling time of 30 s [12].…”

Section: Iso-efficiency Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the EMPIR project 19ENG08 WindEFCY [1], such an efficiency determination method has been developed based on traceable mechanical and electrical power measurement. In this method, so-called transfer standards with known accuracy and measurement uncertainty are installed in the 4 MW NTB at the Center for Wind Power Drives (CWD) of RWTH Aachen University.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Song

Weidinger

Zweiffel

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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In this paper, the efficiency of a 2.75 MW nacelle drivetrain on a test bench was determined traceably at various load points. For this purpose, so-called transfer standards for mechanical and electrical power measurement were additionally installed and integrated into the nacelle drivetrain. As torque measurement contributes greatly to the overall uncertainty, the static torque calibration was expanded to include additional influences present under rotation. An overall system efficiency of 89% was measured in the high torque and high speed range. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty for efficiency determination was between 0.30% and 0.72% over the entire operating range. Both the efficiency and the relative expanded measurement uncertainty were calculated for each operating point.

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“…The signal averaging as explained in Sect. 4.1.3 happens at stable working conditions after a dwelling time of 30 s [12].…”

Section: Iso-efficiency Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Song

Weidinger

Zweiffel

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

Self Cite

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“…Alternative back-to-back (Zhang & Neshati, 2018) Modified from (IEC 60034-2-1, 2014) Medium Low uncertainty: requires device under test (DUT) operation as motor and generator, not feasible on all test benches. Direct, indirect with variable speed drive (VSD) IEC 61800-9-2 (IEC 61800-9-2, 2017) Eight load points Direct low, indirect high Direct high, indirect low uncertainty Iso-efficiency map (Weidinger, Foyer, Kock, Gnauert, & Kumme, 2018), (Weidinger et al, 2021a) New load profile Variable torque and speed load points Medium…”

Section: Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, the efficiency of an asynchronous machine (ASM) was determined along with the corresponding MU on a small-scale test bench (SSTB) using both the standardised methods and the newly developed efficiency map method, as outlined in Table 1. In addition, our prior research papers ( (Yogal et al, 2021) and (Weidinger et al, 2021b)) encompassed a thorough literature review of efficiency measurement methods and relevant national and international standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a traceable efficiency determination method for wind turbines with a focus on measurement uncertainty

Yogal,

Lehrmann,

Weidinger

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. All around the world, new plans and strategies are being implemented for installing energy-efficient wind turbines in order to increase renewable energy capacities and meet the demand for clean energy. Advances in wind turbine technologies and their extremely sophisticated systems have led to an increasing need for proper efficiency determination methods, both in the field and on test benches, to keep up with the accelerated deployment of wind turbines around the globe. This paper examines the feasibility and practicability of new wind turbine efficiency determination methods on test benches that are based on international standards for electrical machines. Test methods and the static calibration certificates of the employed specialised instruments and sensors were used to evaluate the efficiency and associated measurement uncertainties in ambient conditions. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained through the innovative iso-efficiency method, which comprehensively maps the wide operating range of wind turbines.

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“…In contrast to the rotor torque TR, calibration procedures are feasible and standardized in the measuring range of the generator torque TG. Calibration enables generator torque measurements with high accuracies of less than 0.1% [8]. To transfer the TG to TR, the drivetrain efficiency must be known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of drivetrain efficiency determination on the torque control of wind turbines

Zweiffel

Jacobs

Song

et al. 2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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Decreasing the levelized cost of energy is a major design objective for wind turbines. Accordingly, the control is generally optimized to achieve a high energy production and a high-power coefficient. In partial load range, speed and torque are controlled via the generator torque but the rotor torque determines the power coefficient of the turbine. High uncertainties for the uncalibrated low-speed shaft torque measurement and varying drivetrain efficiencies which depend on the speed, load and temperature lead to a torque control error that reduces the power coefficient of the wind turbine. In this paper the rotor torque control error and the impact on the power coefficient of wind turbines is quantified. For this purpose, the variation of drivetrain efficiency is analyzed. An efficiency model for the wind turbine drivetrain is build and validated on the test bench. Then, the influence of the drivetrain speed, torque loads, non-torque loads, and temperature on the efficiency is quantified. Finally, the influence of the rotor torque control error on the power coefficient was simulated with an aerodynamic model. The results show that of all examined influences only torque and temperature significantly impacting the efficiency leading to rotor torque control errors that reduce the power coefficient and consequently increase the levelized cost of energy. Improved efficiency measurement on WT test benches or drivetrain efficiency modelling can reduce the rotor torque control error and therefore decrease the LCOE.

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Need for a traceable efficiency determination method of nacelles performed on test benches

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Validation of a traceable efficiency determination method for wind turbines with a focus on measurement uncertainty

Influence of drivetrain efficiency determination on the torque control of wind turbines

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Need for a traceable efficiency determination method of nacelles performed on test benches

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Validation of a traceable efficiency determination method for wind turbines with a focus on measurement uncertainty

Influence of drivetrain efficiency determination on the torque control of wind turbines

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Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench

Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench