“…It is frequently accompanied by blood flow and sweating changes, edema, and trophic changes of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the affected region (Bruehl et al, 1999). Clinical data support the notion of altered changes in CNS processing in CRPS including pain progression (Maleki et al, 2000), movement disorders (Verdugo and Ochoa, 2000) and altered higher-level functions like poor visuo-spatial perception (Sumitani et al, 2007), neglect-like symptoms (inattention, avoid using affected limb) (Galer et al, 1995; Galer and Jensen, 1999; Frettloh et al, 2006; Maihöfner and Birklein, 2007; Punt et al, 2013), altered perception (Peltz et al, 2011), emotional distress (Nagler, 2010) and cognitive dysfunction (Maihöfner and DeCol, 2007). Functional imaging studies in pediatric CRPS patients (Lebel et al, 2008; Linnman et al, 2013) have indicated abnormal brain activity to mechanical (brush) and thermal allodynia (cold) with larger activity than the normal side in sensorimotor, cingulate, and insula cortices, and decreased activity in prefrontal cortex hippocampal and parahippocampal areas.…”