Neostigmine Potentiometric Sensors Based on Microfabricated Copper Electrodes Using Poly(3-octylthiophene) as an Ion-to-Electron Transducer Layer

Abstract

The microfabricated potentiometric electrodes have been used in the field of medicine and biological sciences in the last few decades due to their various in-vivo sensing applications in addition to the cost effectiveness and easy processing. The proposed microfabricated electrodes use a low cost copper (Cu) substrate material on sensitized printed circuit board (PCB) which is easily patterned and compatible with the microfabrication processing. In this study, we further introduce the chemically prepared poly(3octylthiophene) (POT) as an ion-to-electron transducer layer between the microfabricated Cu electrode and the ionophore-doped ion-selective membrane. The incorporation of POT reduced the potential drift from ∼7 mV h −1 for bare Cu electrodes to ∼1 mV h −1 for POT modified Cu electrodes because of its hydrophobic nature. In addition, the dynamic response time was obviously decreased from (11 ± 7 s) to (3 ± 2 s) due to the fast transduction. Furthermore, ionophore screening has been performed using calix[6]arene and calix [4]arene to enhance the membrane selectivity towards neostigmine (NEO) as a model drug analyte. The proposed sensors showed higher sensitivity, lower LOD when compared to the ionophore-free membrane. The incorporation of calix [4]arene ionophore improved the selectivity towards NEO in the presence of its potential impurities.

Design of Copper Microfabricated Potentiometric Sensor for in‐line Monitoring of Neostigmine Degradation Kinetics

“…The photomask with defined electrode dimensions was developed using CAD software and printed onto a transparent sheet using a laser printer with high resolution [29, 30]. The detailed procedure is previously described in our previously published work [31]. Briefly, the pattern was transferred by exposing the presensitized photoresist coated printed circuit boards (PCB) to UV light (360 nm) for 30 seconds.…”

“…Full Paper our previously published work [31]. Briefly, the pattern was transferred by exposing the presensitized photoresist coated printed circuit boards (PCB) to UV light (360 nm) for 30 seconds.…”

“…Calixarenes can form supramolecular complexes with differently sized organic molecules where this complexation is primarily done by hydrogen bonding and cation-π-interactions [40]. Two supra molecules; CX6 and CX4 were previously studied [31] as ionophores to enhance selectivity and sensitivity. It was found that Cu/ ISM (CX4) gave better performance and selectivity.…”

Synthesis of Prussian Blue Analogue and Its Catalytic Activity toward Reduction of Environmentally Toxic Nitroaromatic Pollutants

“…Various nanoparticles have been synthesized that exhibit interesting behavior such as conductive , and catalytic and optical characteristics dependent on size and surface modifications. From this perspective, the use of nanocatalysts in the reduction of nitroaromatics has received a lot of attention in the last years.…”