Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extract Eurycoma longifolia on Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

Paracetamol (PCM) is a well-known drug widely used for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. PCM is generally considered as safe but overdose of PCM can cause nephrotoxicity. Traditionally, herbs have been used for the treatment of drug or toxin-induced renal disorders and numerous medicinal plants were tested for nephroprotection effect in PCM-induced nephrotoxicity model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the herbal extract Eurycoma longifolia (EL) against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight rats each: control (vehicle 10 ml/kg), PCM alone (200 mg/kg PCM), EL 100 (EL 100 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM), EL 200 (EL 200 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM), and EL 400 (EL 400 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM). All animals from control group received vehicle daily and animals from groups PCM alone, EL 100, EL 200, and EL 400 received repeated dose of PCM and the assigned treatment of EL daily for a period of 14 days. On the 15th day, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, protein, and albumin were measured in blood and creatinine clearance was measured in urine collected over 24 hours. Kidney sections of all experimental groups underwent histopathological analysis. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum creatinine and blood urea levels in the PCM alone group compared to the treatment groups due to nephrotoxicity. In the treatment groups, there was a dose-dependent protection against PCM-induced changes observed in serum total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine. Significant (p<0.05) drop was seen in serum creatinine and blood urea content in EL 200 and EL 400 groups. Creatinine clearance significantly increased for EL 200 (p<0.01) and EL 400 (p < 0.001) groups. Serum total protein and serum albumin content were significantly increased (p<0.05) in EL 200 and EL 400 groups compared to PCM alone group. Histopathological examination (H&E staining) of the rat kidneys revealed severe degeneration in the PCM alone group, while there was evidence of significant dose-dependent protection in the treatment groups against PCM-induced changes. The serum and urine biochemical results and histopathology analysis of the kidney indicate the nephroprotective potential of EL extract against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf extract using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models

“…The reduced plasma urea and creatinine concentrations could be indicative of MEJSL nephroprotective activity. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations are measured primarily to assess kidney function where their elevation is indicative of under-excretion capacity of the kidney, suggesting kidney impairment [45]. Hence, findings from this present study connotes that MEJSL contains bioactive compounds with nephroprotective property.…”

Possible protective effect of olive leaves extract on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

“…(KIM et al, 2009;RAMESH;MOHAN, 2014). Nephrotoxicity is less common than hepatotoxicity in PCM overdose, renal tubular damage and acute renal failure can occur even in the absence of liver injury (CHINNAPPAN et al,2019 ) Herbal drugs play a role in the management of various liver disorders most of which speed up the natural healing processes of the liver (SUBRAMONIAM et al, 1988). The olive tree (Oleaeuropaea L.) family: Oleaceae is commonly used as a part of traditional herbal medicine to treat disease in the Mediterranean area (HAKEMI et al, 2019).…”

The Study of extract ethanol of Pirdot (Saurauria Vulcani Korth.) as immunostimulant in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

“…The extracts were separated using a filter paper and were placed on water bath for 4 days. The ethanol extract [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25] of Pirdot leaves was administered orally in white rats with a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 30 days [6], [26].…”

“…Plants have bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids, which considerably affect nephroprotective and diuretic activities. For example, Eurycoma longifolia has antioxidant [29] and anti-inflammatory effects, in which the quassinoid of E. longifolia has anti-inflammatory activity that provides a protective effect against paracetamol-induced toxicity [15].…”