Nephroprotective Role ofBeta vulgarisL. Root Extract against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

Abstract

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used for agricultural and housekeeping purposes. Exposure to OPs is associated with the progression of several health issues. Antioxidant agents may be powerful candidates to minimise adverse reactions caused by OPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of red beetroot extract (RBR) against chlorpyrifos- (CPF-) induced renal impairments. CPF induced kidney dysfunction, as demonstrated by changes in serum creatinine and urea levels. Moreover, CPF exposure induced oxidative stress in the kidneys as determined by increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, decreased glutathione content, decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor expression. In addition, CPF induced inflammation in renal tissue as evidenced by increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, CPF promoted cell death as demonstrated by decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 levels. Treatment with RBR one hour prior to CPF treatment blocked the effects observed in response to CPF alone. Our results suggest that RBR could be used to alleviate CPF-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.

Subacute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on histopathological damages, antioxidant activity, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the rat model

“…Several studies on rats exposed to CPF have elicited nephrotoxicity, leading to tubular dilation, inflammation, interstitial edema, tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, focal hemorrhage, and intraluminal casts. 7,8,31 In the present study, medullary hemorrhage and tubular cast formation were investigated in kidney samples of the highest dose of this pesticide (13.5 ppm) (Figure 4). Semiquantitative scale of the kidney histopathological damage in Group C (CPF = 3.25 ppm) showed a higher score compared with the Ctrl group.…”

“…CPF is extensively used against domestic, agricultural, and veterinary pests. 7,8 Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is the main mechanism of CPF toxicity, which causes dysfunction in the nervous system due to the accumulation of acetylcholine. 4,6 However, CPF needs to be converted to the CPFoxon metabolite to achieve its potential toxicity through an activation mechanism mainly in the liver.…”

“…16 Previous studies have confirmed that increased production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines damages the liver and kidney tissue of rats exposed to CPF by inducing apoptotic cell death. 7,17 However, the toxic effects of low doses of CPF over 4 weeks have been extensively investigated in one or two animal organs; the systemic effects of subacute CPF toxicity on pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in different tissues are not clear enough.…”

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Damage Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice

“…Nowadays, herbal remedies attract growing interest as an alternative of chemical therapy, because of their potential role in reducing pathological changes and oxidative stress ([ 8 – 10 ];; [ 11 ]). Petasites hybridus or butterbur is considered one of the best remedies in treating asthma, cough, plague, and fever [ 12 – 14 ].…”

Renoprotective Effect of Taxifolin and/or Vitamin C on Diazinon-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

“…Increased serum creatinine implies a lower glomerular filtration rate, but elevated urea levels indicate abnormal renal tubular reabsorption. In earlier studies, both glomerular and renal tubular impairments were observed in response to exposure to organophosphorus 20,26 . Much research has found evidence that natural antioxidants have a beneficial effect on kidney function and protect the kidney against organophosphorus-induced injury.…”