Nervous System-Driven Osseointegration

Abstract

Implants are essential therapeutic tools for treating bone fractures and joint replacements. Despite the in-depth study of osseointegration for more than fifty years, poor osseointegration caused by aseptic loosening remains one of the leading causes of late implant failures. Osseointegration is a highly sophisticated and spatiotemporal process in vivo involving the immune response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. It has been unraveled that the nervous system plays a pivotal role in skeletal health via manipulating neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and nerve cells. Herein, the research related to nervous system-driven osseointegration was systematically analyzed and reviewed, aiming to demonstrate the prominent role of neuromodulation in osseointegration. Additionally, it is indicated that the implant design considering the role of neuromodulation might be a promising way to prevent aseptic loosening.

Ageing-Associated Transcriptomic Alterations in Peri-Implantitis Pathology: A Bioinformatic Study

“…The nerve density in peri-implant bone is lower than that around teeth [ 54 ], and little is known about changes induced by peri-implant disease. Neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and nerve cells play important roles in regulating bone tissue, and most research has focused on osseointegration [ 55 ]. The contribution of age-associated activation of neurodegenerative pathways to peri-implantitis lesions in elderly is yet to be experimentally investigated.…”

The role of mitochondria in the peri‐implant microenvironment

“…Mitochondria contribute to the behaviours of peri-implant cell lines based on metabolic and reactive oxygen species signalling modulations, which will contribute to the research field and the development of new treatment strategies for improving implant success. recruited into the newly developing blood vessels around the implant and differentiate into osteoblasts (Sun et al, 2022). Osteoblasts are influenced by both growth factors and the implant surface topography, where they begin to form bone extracellular matrix and deposit collagen matrix, which is considered to be primary bone formation (Wang et al, 2016).…”

“…Haemostasis begins with the surgical trauma caused by the implant procedure. When the vasculature is disrupted by the introduction of the implant, platelets immediately aggregate from a blood clot at the surgical site (Sun et al., 2022 ). After that, inflammation is initiated (Sun et al., 2022 ), during which immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and multinucleated giant cells, are activated and recruited to the implant site (Pfeiffenberger et al., 2021 ; Ripszky Totan et al., 2022 ; Terheyden et al., 2012 ).…”

“…When the vasculature is disrupted by the introduction of the implant, platelets immediately aggregate from a blood clot at the surgical site (Sun et al., 2022 ). After that, inflammation is initiated (Sun et al., 2022 ), during which immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and multinucleated giant cells, are activated and recruited to the implant site (Pfeiffenberger et al., 2021 ; Ripszky Totan et al., 2022 ; Terheyden et al., 2012 ). Within 24 h of implant insertion, neutrophils dominate the implant site and are replaced by neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes (Terheyden et al., 2012 ).…”

“…Within 24 h of implant insertion, neutrophils dominate the implant site and are replaced by neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes (Terheyden et al., 2012 ). A favourable immune response not only removes necrotic tissue, but also provides a cell‐instructive peri‐implant microenvironment via release of cytokines and growth factors, which promote MSC recruitment and proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen matrix deposition (Sun et al., 2022 ; Wang et al., 2016 ).…”