Neue ökonomische Kerne in nordrhein-westfälischen Stadtregionen: Postsuburbanisierung und Restrukturierung kernstädtischer Räume

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die aktuelle transformation der stadtregionen ist geprägt durch postsuburbane entwicklungen in der städtischen Peripherie und durch die gleichzeitige restrukturierung der Kernstädte. Um die traditionellen city-Bereiche und im Umland entstehen neue ökonomi-sche Kerne in form von Beschäftigungs-oder Unternehmenskonzentrationen, die arbeitsteilig verflochten sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht diese entwicklungen am Beispiel der nordrhein-westfälischen stadtregionen. Dabei wird von der these ausgegangen, dass die neuen ökonomi-schen Kerne innerhalb der stadtregionen nordrhein-Westfalens in ihrem funktions-und aufgabenspektrum zunehmend eigenständiger gegenüber den traditionellen und neuen Zentren der Kernstädte werden und sich zwischen den Kernen arbeitsteilige Verflechtungen auf unterschiedlichen Maßstabsebenen ausbilden.Abstract the newest transformation of city regions is characterized by both the emerging postsuburban development in the urban periphery and the restructuring of the city. new economic cores (conceptualized as concentrations of employment or enterprises) are emerging around the traditional central district of the city and in postsuburbia together with new city-regional relations based on the division of labor. for the case of the city regions of northrhine Westphalia, this article examines this transformation using different approaches. We proceed from the assumption that the new economic cores within the city regions of north rhine-Westphalia tend to be more autonomously in their function and range of responsibilities to traditional and new cores of the central city and that new relations between the cores exist at different scales.Keywords city region · Polycentricity · new economic cores · networks · north-rhine Westphalia EinleitungDie seit den 1960er Jahren zu beobachtende räumliche redimensionierung des städtischen ist durch eine regionalisierung der stadt und deren Metropolisierung geprägt. städte entwickeln sich zunehmend zu ausgedehnten multibzw. polyzentrischen, teilweise konkurrierenden, vielfach aber auch arbeitsteiligen stadtregionalen Verflechtungsund strukturzusammenhängen (anas/arnott/small 1998: 1439 ff.; Kloosterman/Musterd 2001: 624 ff.; Batty 2001; Parr 2004: 232 f.; Parr 2005: 556 f.). gleichzeitig ist im Kontext der aktuellen globalisierung eine primär ökono-misch-funktionale und raumstrukturelle Metropolisierung dieser stadtregionen zu beobachten (scott 2001; Brenner 2004: 178 ff.), insofern sie metropolitane attribute annehmen bzw. spezifische metropolitane Funktionen überneh-men (Blotevogel/Danielzyk 2009: 25 ff.) und sich in ihnen die entwicklungspotenziale und innovationskapazitäten der raumforsch raumordn (2011) 69:303-317

Urban subcentres in German city regions: Identification, understanding, comparison

“…Thus, German subcentres tend to be local spatial densifications of employment whose influence is masked by CBD dominance rather than mimicking ‘mini‐CBDs’. This finding holds for both the direct application of the LWR following McMillen and several modifications; it is also consistent with previous analyses for Germany (e.g., Knapp and Volgmann ; Krehl ) and for other European countries (e.g., Riguelle et al ; Adolphson ; Garcia‐López and Muñiz ; Martínez Sánchez‐Mateos et al ).…”

“…The main difference between these two is that the latter only considers the spatial dimension by defining the weights matrix, whereas LWR allows the geographic co‐ordinates to be explanatory variables of their own (McMillen ). Further regression based methods for analysing urban spatial structure are density gradients (e.g., Heikkila et al ; Anas and Kim ; Craig and Ng ; Roca Cladera et al ; Barr and Cohen ), kernel density estimations (e.g., Adolphson ; Knapp and Volgmann ) and additional specifications of employment density functions (e.g., McMillen and Lester ; Carruthers et al ).…”

“…Another issue in the quantitative analysis of urban spatial structure is the spatial scale. Whereas analyses of small spatial scales, such as census tracts, grid cells or points have been established in the United States for years (e.g., Anas et al 1998;Craig and Ng 2001;Glaeser et al 2001a;McMillen 2004a;Redfearn 2007), such spatially detailed analyses have not been feasible for Germany due to data unavailability until recently (e.g., Knapp and Volgmann 2011;Krehl 2015b). The spatial data availability in other European countries is better but far less comprehensive than that found in the US (e.g., Baumont et al 2004;Adolphson 2009;Smith 2011;Larsson 2014), in terms of spatial grain and time-series' length, for example (Redfearn 2009).…”

Towards a typology of urban centers and subcenters – evidence from German city regions

“…With the advent of "polycentricity" as both a theoretical and an analytical concept, an enormous body of literature has been concerned with the morphological and functional characteristics of employment densifications in central and decentral places (the latter are referred to as "subcenters"). Within these contributions, there is controversy regarding the attributes that qualify a certain spatial densification of employment as a "center" or "subcenter" (e.g., Knapp & Volgmann, 2011, McMillen & Smith, 2003, Meijers, 2007. Authors have proposed various methods to identify statistically significant economic centers and subcenters and obtained contrasting results regarding their number and size (e.g., Agarwal, Giuliano, & Redfearn, 2012, see Krehl, 2016 for an overview).…”

Specialization of and complementarities between (new) knowledge clusters in the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main urban region

“…The internal restructuring of urban regions towards intra-urban polycentric regional configurations in the course of post-industrial and post-suburban regionalization processes is characterized by the formation of 'centres' with different functions (e.g., residential, various economic activities), both in the core cities' hinterlands and within the administrative boundaries of the core cities, in a comparatively narrow urban regional context. These 'centres' are conceptualized under a wide range of labels, such as edge cities (Garreau, 1992), new economic poles (Burdack, 2006), new economic cores (Knapp & Volgmann, 2011;Münter & Volgmann, 2014), new downtowns (Helbrecht & Dirksmeier, 2009), new economic clusters (Phelps, 2004;Schmitt et al, 2015), new urban centres (van der Heijde, 2012), and sub-centres (Krehl, 2015(Krehl, , 2016McMillen, 2001). All these concepts demonstrate partially different perspectives regarding the formation of 'centres' within the regional urban spatial structure.…”