Neural evidence of effects of emotional valence on word recognition

Inaba, Midori; Nomura, Michio; Ohira, Hideki

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.002

Cited by 87 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The loss group more accurately recalled items of low and medium importance than the importance group. In both conditions, imagining the loss of items triggered negative feelings in the participants, which is consistent with the enhancement of emotional memory; that is, emotional information is better remembered than neural information [4,21,22]. a) Only clusters (with local maxima coordinates) up to the threshold of P < 0.05 corrected with 20 or more contiguous voxels were reported.…”

Section: Memory Was Enhanced When Imagining the Loss Of Low And Mediusupporting

confidence: 68%

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Can the memory of an object be enhanced by imagining its loss?

Liu

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Previous investigations examining salient memories have demonstrated that personal memories that are important to individuals and contain emotional information are better remembered than neutral events. Using behavioral and brain-imaging experiments, the present studies explored whether the previous finding was applicable imagined loss. In a behavioral experiment, a free recall paradigm was used to compare the memory performance of individuals who imagined loss with that of individuals who imagined importance. The superior memory performance conferred by imagining loss was constrained to ordinary items of low to medium importance and did not generalize to vital items. Moreover, brain imaging evidence revealed that the activation in certain brain regions was stronger when participants were imagining the loss of ordinary items of low to medium importance compared to vital items. These brain regions included cognitive effort-related areas (such as the parietal cortex and middle prefrontal cortex) and areas related to emotional experiences and emotion-related memories (such as the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus). Our study provides a new way of exploring the superior memory performance when imagining loss and enriches the literature on memory enhancement by contributing to a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms related to the imagining of vital losses. . Research has also revealed that the more closely an object is related to the self, the better it is remembered. The best memory recall is observed for information about one's self, followed by information about one's mother and friends, whereas the poorest memory performance is observed for information about strangers [2]. This phenomenon occurs because people pay more attention to self-referential information, which promotes the organization and elaboration of memories. For example, women typically have better memory performances for weight-related words given that they care more about their weight than men. Men often show better memory performance for muscle-related words given that they pay more attention to their muscle strength [3]. Additionally, individuals are more likely to remember emotional information compared with information that is lacking in emotional importance. Abundant evidence from source memory paradigms and remember-know procedures indicates that individuals' memories are more detailed with regard to emotional information than for neutral information [4]. Neuroimaging studies have implicated the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal areas in the successful encoding of material into episodic memory [5]. The amygdala is also activated when emotional memories are recalled [6]. Imaging studies also emphasize that the amygdala's arous-

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Section: Memory Was Enhanced When Imagining the Loss Of Low And Mediusupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Emotional information, which is aroused by imagining loss, is better remembered than a neutral event [4,21,22]. For example, individuals' memories were more vivid and detailed for negative words than for neutral words [4].…”

Section: Memory Was Enhanced When Imagining the Loss Of Low And Mediumentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the memory of an object be enhanced by imagining its loss?

Liu

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…41]. It has already been investigated in several studies on emotional memory [23,32,45,53]. The effect refers to the phenomenon of more positivegoing ERPs for correctly classified items that have been learned during a previous study phase compared to correctly 'rejected' (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inaba and colleagues [23] investigated emotional modulation of the old-new effect with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral words and found that, from 400 ms onwards, overall the positivity was greatest for unpleasant hits. Pleasant hits were moderately more positive compared to neutral hits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromagnetic Activity During Recognition of Emotional Pictures

Kißler

Hauswald

2008

Brain Topogr

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Recently studied 'old' stimuli lead to larger frontal and parietal ERP responses than 'new' stimuli. The present experiment investigated the neuromagnetic correlates (MEG) of this 'old-new' effect and its modulation by emotional stimulus content. Highly arousing pleasant, highly arousing unpleasant and un-arousing neutral photographs were presented to the participants with the instruction to memorize them. They were later re-presented together with new photographs in an old-new decision task. In line with previous ERP studies, a long-lasting old-new effect (350-700 ms) was found. Independently, an emotion effect also occurred, as reflected in a, particularly left temporal, activity increase for emotional pictures between 450 and 580 ms. Moreover, only for the pleasant pictures did the early part of the old-new effect, which is thought to reflect familiarity based recognition processes, interact with picture content: The old-new effect for pleasant pictures in frontal regions was larger than the one for neutral or unpleasant pictures between 350 and 450 ms. In parallel, subjects' responses were accelerated towards and biased in favour of classifying pleasant pictures as old. However, when false alarm rate was taken into account, there was no significant effect of emotional content on recognition accuracy. In sum, this MEG study demonstrates an effect of particularly pleasant emotional content on recognition memory which may be mediated by a familiarity based process.

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“…tion times and higher accuracy than neutral words (Ali & Cimino, 1997;Borod, Andelman, Obler, Tweedy, & Welkowitz, 1992;Eviatar & Zaidel, 1991;Graves, Landis, & Goodglass, 1980;Inaba, Nomura, & Ohira, 2005;Kuchinke et al, 2005), and emotional words have been shown to induce emotional priming (Brouillet & Syssau, 2005;Carroll & Young, 2005;Van Strien & Morpurgo, 1992). Distinct neural correlates have been found that respond to changes in the valence level of words (Cato et al, 2004;Fossati et al, 2003;Kuchinke et al, 2005;Lewis, Critchley, Rotshtein, & Dolan, 2007), and these have been differentiated from neural correlates for which activation varies according to arousal (Lewis et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Affective Norms for English Words by discrete emotional categories

Stevenson

Mikels

James

2007

Behavior Research Methods

208

193

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1020Affect has been studied using a wide range of methodologies, procedures, and tasks. In addition, a wide range of stimuli have been used in the study of emotion, including pictures of facial expressions, static pictures of emotional scenes, video clips, imagery inductions, nonlinguistic verbalizations, environmental sounds, prosody, and spoken and written words. One of the largest word sets is the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW; Bradley & Lang, 1999), a set of 1,034 English words including verbs, nouns, and adjectives. ANEW has been characterized along the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance, as well as by word frequency. Dimensional norms, however, are only one of two general types of norms that are useful for characterizing affective stimuli. The other major approach involves classifying the stimulus set along emotional category lines. Providing these complementary data for the ANEW stimulus set would potentially open many new possibilities to researchers.Dimensional theories of affect have been shown to be most powerful when models include two categories, valence and arousal (Mehrabian & Russel, 1974;Smith & Ellsworth, 1985;Yik, Russell, & Barrett, 1999). Empirical applications of the dimensional model using words as stimuli have been successfully used in many studies. Behaviorally, positive and negative words elicit lower reaction times and higher accuracy than neutral words (Ali & Cimino, 1997;Borod, Andelman, Obler, Tweedy, & Welkowitz, 1992;Eviatar & Zaidel, 1991;Graves, Landis, & Goodglass, 1980;Inaba, Nomura, & Ohira, 2005;Kuchinke et al., 2005), and emotional words have been shown to induce emotional priming (Brouillet & Syssau, 2005;Carroll & Young, 2005;Van Strien & Morpurgo, 1992). Distinct neural correlates have been found that respond to changes in the valence level of words (Cato et al., 2004;Fossati et al., 2003;Kuchinke et al., 2005;Lewis, Critchley, Rotshtein, & Dolan, 2007), and these have been differentiated from neural correlates for which activation varies according to arousal (Lewis et al., 2007). Likewise, patients with brain lesions have shown specific deficits in responses to words and sentences of specific valences (Anderson & Phelps, 2001;Borod et al., 1992).Models of emotion based on discrete categories have also proved useful in empirical studies. These studies have focused on the use of facial expressions (Ekman, 1993) and static pictures (Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2001;Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, & Hamm, 1993;Mikels et al., 2005) to show differences in facial electromyography, heart rate, and electrodermal measures between different discrete emotions. Studies of brain-damaged patients have also revealed impairment in emotional recog- The Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) are a commonly used set of 1,034 words characterized on the affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance. Traditionally, studies of affect have used stimuli characterized along either affective dimensions or discrete emotional categories, but much current research...

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Neural evidence of effects of emotional valence on word recognition

Cited by 87 publications

References 46 publications

Can the memory of an object be enhanced by imagining its loss?

Can the memory of an object be enhanced by imagining its loss?

Neuromagnetic Activity During Recognition of Emotional Pictures

Characterization of the Affective Norms for English Words by discrete emotional categories

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