Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Shah, Manisha H.; Goldner, Whitney; Benson, Al B.; Bergsland, Emily K.; Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.; Brock, Pamela; Chan, J.K.C.; Das, Satya; Dickson, Paxton V.; Fanta, Paul T.; Giordano, Thomas J.; Halfdanarson, Thorvardur R.; Halperin, Daniel M.; He, Jin; Heaney, Anthony P.; Heslin, Martin J.; Kandeel, Fouad; Kardan, Arash; Khan, Sajid; Kuvshinoff, Boris W.; Lieu, Christopher H.; Miller, Kimberly D.; Pillarisetty, Venu G.; Reidy, Diane Lauren; Salgado, Sarimar Agosto; Shaheen, Shagufta; Soares, Heloisa P.; Soulen, Michael C.; Strosberg, Jonathan R.; Sussman, Craig R.; Trikalinos, Nikolaos A.; Uboha, N.; Vijayvergia, Namrata; Wong, Terence Z.; Lynn, Beth; Hochstetler, Cindy

doi:10.6004/jnccn.2021.0032

Cited by 357 publications

(402 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Goldstandard in der Therapie von NET dar und repräsentiert den einzigen kurativen Therapieansatz [13,14]. In metastasierten Stadien kommen jedoch verschiedene Therapieoptionen wie eine Biotherapie mit Somatostatin-Analoga, Chemotherapien, molekular zielgerichtete Therapien, lokal ablative Verfahren sowie Radionuklidtherapien mit radioaktiv markierten Somatostatin-Analoga zum Einsatz [13]. Dieses Dokument wurde zum persönlichen Gebrauch heruntergeladen.…”

Section: Die Chirurgische Resektion Des Primärtumor Stellt Denunclassified

Neuroendokrine Tumoren – von der morphologischen zur funktionellen Bildgebung

Ilhan¹,

Schnitzer²,

Rübenthaler³

2021

Der Nuklearmediziner

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Section: Die Chirurgische Resektion Des Primärtumor Stellt Denunclassified

Neuroendokrine Tumoren – von der morphologischen zur funktionellen Bildgebung

Ilhan¹,

Schnitzer²,

Rübenthaler³

2021

Der Nuklearmediziner

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“…Although G3 NETs have more inert biological behavior compared to NECs, they have a poorer prognosis compared to G1/2 NETs[ 4 ]. Compared to patients with poorly differentiated NECs, well-differentiated G3 NET patients have a considerably longer median overall survival (mOS) (41-99 mo vs 17 mo)[ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapies for well-differentiated grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A new category in the World Health Organization classification

Xu¹,

Wu²,

Ying³

et al. 2021

WJG

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According to the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, well-differentiated grade 3 (G3) gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a new category of cancer of the digestive system. G3 GEP-NET research and treatment are not as robust as those of lower grade (G1/2) NETs and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Previously, the management of high-grade NETs was mainly based on NEC therapies, as high-grade NETs were classified as NECs under the previous WHO classification. Despite this, G3 GEP-NETs are significantly less responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy regimens than NECs, due to their distinct molecular pathogenesis and course of pathological grade transition. Patients with advanced G3 GEP-NETs, who have progressed or are intolerant to chemotherapy regimens such as capecitabine plus temozolomide, have limited treatment choices. Immunotherapy has helped patients with a variety of cancers attain long-term survival through the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapies, either alone or in combination with other therapies, do not have a clear function in the treatment of G3 GEP-NETs. Currently, the majority of immunotherapy studies, both prospective and retrospective, do not reliably differentiate G3 GEP-NETs from NECs. By contrast, a significant number of studies include non-GEP neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Therefore, there is an urgent need to summarize and evaluate these data to provide more effective therapeutic approaches for patients with this rare tumor. The purpose of this mini-review was to screen and summarize information on G3 GEP-NETs from all studies on NENs immunotherapy.

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“…Indications for endoscopic treatment are determined by the grade, depth, and size of the tumor. For localized tumors that are not indicated for endoscopic resection, the indication for surgical resection is determined based on whether the metastatic lesion can be completely resected [8,12,13]. Thus, the diagnosis and prediction of metastasis, especially lymph node metastasis, is important when selecting the treatment option to be used for a particular NET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Metastases in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Kohno¹,

Ikegami²,

Ikegami³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neuroendocrine tumors develop from systemic endocrine and nerve cells, and their occurrence has increased recently. Since these tumors are heterogeneous, pathological classification has been based on the affected organ. In 2019, the World Health Organization introduced a change that is expected to influence neuroendocrine tumor research, as gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are now included within a unified classification. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics (e.g., lymph node metastases, all other metastases) of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using this new classification in 50 cases. Tumor size, depth, MIB-1 index, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neuroendocrine tumor grade were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and all other metastases. Venous invasion was more strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis and all other types of metastasis than with lymphatic invasion. Identification rates for lymphatic invasion were considered lower because of structural problems such as lymphatic vessels being much thinner than veins. However, venous invasion was considered effective in compensating for the low rate of identification in cases of lymphatic invasion. In future research, a unified classification and standardized framework for assessment will be important when analyzing the characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors, and large-scale studies are required.

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Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Cited by 357 publications

References 138 publications

Neuroendokrine Tumoren – von der morphologischen zur funktionellen Bildgebung

Neuroendokrine Tumoren – von der morphologischen zur funktionellen Bildgebung

Immunotherapies for well-differentiated grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A new category in the World Health Organization classification

Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Metastases in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

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